Kruger National Park

Kruger Overview

Kruger National Park, established in 1898, is one of Africa’s largest and most famous game reserves, spanning across the northeastern corner of South Africa. Covering an area of nearly 19,485 square kilometers (approximately 7,523 square miles), it extends 360 kilometers (220 miles) from north to south and 65 kilometers (40 miles) from east to west, making it about the size of Israel or Wales. The park borders Zimbabwe to the north and Mozambique to the east, forming part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park—a peace park that links Kruger with Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe and Limpopo National Park in Mozambique.

Kruger National Park is renowned for its exceptional diversity of wildlife, including the Big Five: lions, leopards, rhinos, elephants, and buffalos. It is home to more species of large mammals than any other African game reserve, with over 147 species recorded. The park also boasts over 500 bird species, 114 reptile species, and a vast array of plant life, with approximately 1,982 species of plants identified within its boundaries.

The landscape of Kruger National Park is remarkably varied, featuring dense bushveld in the northern regions, granitic hills and mountains in the south, and lush savannahs and riverine forests throughout. This diversity of habitats supports an equally diverse array of fauna and flora, offering unparalleled wildlife viewing opportunities.

Kruger is not just a conservation success story; it is also a leader in ecological management and research. The park offers a range of safari experiences, from self-drive adventures to guided walks and luxury safaris, catering to wildlife enthusiasts, photographers, and nature lovers from around the globe.

The park’s extensive road network, numerous rest camps, and well-established tourist facilities make it accessible to visitors seeking to experience the African wild in its full majesty. Whether it’s observing a pride of lions on the hunt, witnessing the annual migration of herbivores, or simply enjoying the serene beauty of the African bush, Kruger National Park provides an unforgettable encounter with nature.

Park Map

Kruger National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Predators

Kruger National Park, renowned for its incredible biodiversity, is home to a variety of formidable predators that play a crucial role in the park’s ecosystem. Among the most prominent predator species found here are:

African Lion (Panthera leo): As apex predators, lions dominate the savannah landscapes of Kruger. They live in prides and hunt cooperatively, preying on a variety of herbivores, including antelopes and zebras.
Leopard (Panthera pardus): Known for their elusive nature, leopards are skilled climbers and solitary hunters. They often drag their prey into trees for safekeeping, making them a thrilling sight for visitors fortunate enough to spot them.
Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta): Often misunderstood as scavengers, spotted hyenas are formidable hunters capable of taking down large prey. Their distinctive whooping calls echo through the night, contributing to the park’s unique soundscape.
African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus): Endangered and highly social, African wild dogs hunt cooperatively in packs. With their exceptional stamina and teamwork, they are among the most efficient hunters in Kruger.
Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus): Recognizable by their slender build and distinctive black “tear” marks on their faces, cheetahs are the fastest land animals. They rely on their speed and agility to catch prey, often targeting smaller antelopes.
Spotted Hyaena (Crocuta crocuta): Highly adaptable and intelligent, spotted hyenas are proficient hunters and scavengers. Their powerful jaws and robust build allow them to dominate kills even against larger predators.
African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus): Endangered and highly social, African wild dogs hunt cooperatively in packs, using teamwork and endurance to pursue and bring down their prey.
Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus): With its sleek, aerodynamic build and incredible speed, the cheetah is an iconic predator of the African savannah. Despite their speed, they face challenges from larger predators and habitat loss.
Serval (Leptailurus serval): A smaller predator with distinctive large ears, the serval is an expert hunter of rodents and birds. Its unique appearance and elusive nature make it a sought-after sighting for wildlife enthusiasts.
Caracal (Caracal caracal): Known for its striking appearance and impressive agility, the caracal is a skilled hunter of small to medium-sized prey. Its tufted ears and powerful hind legs are adaptations for successful hunting in various habitats.

African Elephant (Loxodonta africana): The park’s emblematic giant, African elephants, roam Kruger’s savannahs and woodlands. Known for their intelligence and social structures, these gentle giants shape the landscape and are a symbol of Africa’s wilderness.
Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer): Often encountered in large herds, Cape buffaloes are formidable herbivores with massive, curved horns. Their presence is essential for maintaining the park’s ecosystems, as they graze on grasses and create habitats for other species.
Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis): Towering above the savannah, giraffes are unmistakable with their long necks and distinctively patterned coats. These browsers feed on leaves from tall trees and provide a picturesque sight against Kruger’s horizon.
White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum): Despite their name, white rhinos are grayish-brown and are the larger of the two rhino species found in Kruger. They are often seen grazing on grasslands, using their wide mouths to crop vegetation.
Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): Inhabiting Kruger’s rivers and waterholes, hippos are hefty, semi-aquatic mammals. Despite their comical appearance, they are aggressive and territorial, making them one of Africa’s most dangerous animals.
Impala (Aepyceros melampus): Among the most abundant antelope species in Kruger, impalas are graceful runners known for their reddish-brown coats and elegant lyre-shaped horns. They are a primary food source for many predators and form an integral part of the park’s ecosystem.
Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus): Recognizable by their distinctive facial warts and tusk-like protrusions, warthogs are common sights in Kruger. These sturdy animals are well-adapted to their environment and often seen foraging on grass and roots in open areas.
Burchell’s Zebra (Equus quagga burchellii): With their striking black and white stripes, Burchell’s zebras are iconic symbols of African savannahs. Found in abundance throughout Kruger, they travel in small family groups and are often seen grazing alongside other herbivores.
Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii): Nyala are medium-sized antelope distinguished by their shaggy coats, spiral horns (in males), and prominent white stripes on the flanks. They are typically found in dense bushveld areas of Kruger, where they browse on leaves, shoots, and fruits.
Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri): The largest hornbill species, these striking birds are easily recognizable by their size, black plumage, and bright red facial skin. They are ground-dwelling and feed on insects, small vertebrates, and even reptiles, making them a fascinating sight for birdwatchers in Kruger.

Birds

Although many people covet the Big 5 and other large mammals, Kruger is a special place for bird lovers as well. Here is a glimpse into some of the more popular bird species visitors hope to witness:

African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer): With its distinctive white head and chest, brown body, and hooked yellow beak, the African Fish Eagle is an iconic sight in Kruger. Often seen perched near water bodies, it is renowned for its haunting call and impressive fishing skills.
Lilac-breasted Roller (Coracias caudatus): One of Africa’s most colorful birds, the Lilac-breasted Roller boasts vibrant plumage with shades of blue, green, and lilac. Its aerial acrobatics and habit of perching conspicuously on tree branches make it a favorite among birdwatchers.
Southern Carmine Bee-eater (Merops nubicoides): With its striking crimson plumage and long, slender bill, the Southern Carmine Bee-eater is a captivating sight in Kruger. These social birds are often observed nesting in riverbanks and feeding on flying insects in aerial displays.
African Jacana (Actophilornis africanus): The African Jacana is known for its long legs, allowing it to walk on lily pads and other aquatic vegetation. Its intricate black, white, and chestnut plumage and distinct red frontal shield make it a fascinating sight along Kruger’s waterways.
Grey-headed Kingfisher (Halcyon leucocephala): Found near water sources, the Grey-headed Kingfisher is characterized by its blue-green plumage, rufous belly, and distinctive grey head. It perches patiently before diving headfirst to catch fish, insects, or small amphibians.
Bateleur Eagle (Terathopius ecaudatus): The Bateleur Eagle is a striking raptor with a short tail, deep chestnut body, and contrasting black wings. Its name, derived from the French word for “tightrope walker,” describes its distinctive aerial displays as it soars over the savannah in search of prey.
Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill (Tockus leucomelas): Recognizable by its long, curved yellow bill and black-and-white plumage, the Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill is a common sight in Kruger. It forages on the ground for insects and small vertebrates and is known for its distinctive cackling call.
Woodland Kingfisher (Halcyon senegalensis): With its striking blue and white plumage and bold red bill, the Woodland Kingfisher is a conspicuous presence in Kruger’s woodlands and savannahs. It hunts from perches and dives to catch insects, small reptiles, and even small mammals.
Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis): Pied Kingfishers are often seen hovering over water bodies in Kruger, searching for prey. Their distinctive black-and-white plumage, crested head, and long, dagger-like bill make them easy to identify as they plunge into the water to catch fish.
African Hoopoe (Upupa africana): The African Hoopoe is characterized by its distinctive “crown” of feathers, long, curved bill, and barred wings. It forages on the ground for insects and grubs, using its specialized bill to probe into the soil. Its distinctive “hoop-hoop-hoop” call is a familiar sound in Kruger’s woodlands

Kruger National Park Pictures

See All Pictures

Engaging Kruger

Game Drives

Self or Guided

Venture into the heart of Kruger National Park on exhilarating game drives, led by experienced guides. You are also allowed to drive through the park in your own self-guided safari adventure. One of the benefits of having a guide is the experience and skill they have to help find and spot the wildlife you hope to see.

Visitors can expect to witness iconic wildlife species, including the Big Five, as well as a plethora of other fascinating creatures such as giraffes, zebras, and various antelope species. The guides’ expert knowledge and tracking skills enhance the experience, ensuring memorable encounters with wildlife against the backdrop of stunning African landscapes.

Bush Walks

Personal Encounters with Nature

Delve deeper into the African wilderness on guided bush walks, accompanied by knowledgeable rangers.

Participants can expect an immersive experience, discovering hidden wonders of the bush, from tracking animal footprints to observing smaller creatures and medicinal plants up close.

The walks provide a unique perspective on the ecosystem, allowing visitors to connect with nature on a more intimate level while learning about the intricate interplay between flora and fauna.

Birdwatching

Wildlife in the Skies

Embark on birdwatching excursions to explore Kruger’s rich avian diversity, which boasts over 500 species. Visitors can anticipate encounters with colorful kingfishers, majestic raptors, and rare endemic species while exploring diverse habitats such as riverbanks, woodlands, and grasslands.

Expert guides offer insights into bird behavior and identification, making it an ideal activity for both novice and experienced birdwatchers seeking to capture remarkable avian sightings and photographic opportunities.

Larger species like the African Fish Eagle to the smaller more colorful lilac-breasted roller keep bird loving enthusiasts entertained.

Photography Tours

Capturing the Right Moment

Join specialized photographic safaris led by professional wildlife photographers to capture the park’s beauty through the lens. These professionals serve as both safari guide and photographic coach. The objective of these endeavors is to help you capture your perfect wildlife images.

Participants can expect personalized guidance on composition, lighting, and wildlife photography techniques while seeking out iconic subjects such as lions, elephants, and breathtaking landscapes.

With access to exclusive photography vantage points and expert advice, visitors can enhance their photography skills and create stunning images that capture the essence of Kruger’s wildlife and scenery.

Night Game Drives

Exploring the mystery of the Night

Experience the thrill of the African night on guided night drives, where the park’s nocturnal inhabitants come to life. Visitors can anticipate encounters with elusive predators like leopards and hyenas, as well as fascinating nocturnal species such as bushbabies, genets, and owls.

Equipped with powerful spotlights, the guides illuminate the night, revealing the park’s hidden secrets and providing an unforgettable glimpse into the nocturnal world of Kruger National Park.

Nighttime game drives are intriguing adventures into the mystery of the night. Along with the mystery, there is the hopes of seeing predators and other nocturnal species that get active for food.

Kruger National Park Trails

Wolhuter Wilderness Trail

Rating: Moderate to Difficult

Distance and Elevation Gain: 20 miles (32 km) one way with minimal elevation gain

Description: The Wolhuter Wilderness Trail offers a multi-day trek through remote wilderness areas of Kruger National Park.

Named after legendary ranger Harry Wolhuter, the trail provides opportunities for wildlife sightings, including the Big Five, as hikers traverse diverse habitats such as savannahs and riverine forests.

Campsites along the trail offer rustic accommodations, immersing hikers in the sights and sounds of the African bush.

Napi Wilderness Trail

Rating: Moderate

Distance and Elevation Gain: 15 miles (24 km) round trip with minimal elevation gain

Description: The Napi Wilderness Trail offers a scenic hike through the rugged landscapes of Kruger National Park’s central region.

Hikers will explore diverse ecosystems, encountering wildlife such as elephants, zebras, and giraffes along the way. Experienced guides lead the trail, providing insights into the park’s ecology and conservation efforts.

The trail offers a unique opportunity to experience the untamed wilderness of Kruger firsthand.

Mphongolo Backpacking Trail

Rating: Moderate to Difficult

Distance and Elevation Gain: 25 miles (40 km) one way with minimal elevation gain

Description: The Mphongolo Backpacking Trail offers a challenging trek through the remote northern reaches of Kruger National Park.

Hikers will traverse rugged terrain and diverse habitats, encountering abundant wildlife including predators such as lions and leopards.

Campsites along the trail provide basic amenities, allowing hikers to immerse themselves in the sights and sounds of the African bush under the starlit sky.

Bushman Trail

Rating: Easy to Moderate

Distance and Elevation Gain: 5 miles (8 km) loop with minimal elevation gain

Description: The Bushman Trail offers a leisurely walk through Kruger National Park’s southern grasslands, providing opportunities for wildlife sightings and birdwatching.

Hikers will meander along well-marked paths, enjoying panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes and distant horizons.

Interpretive signage along the trail offers insights into the park’s cultural heritage and the traditional ways of the San people who once inhabited the area.

Sweni Wilderness Trail

Rating: Moderate

Distance and Elevation Gain: 12 miles (19 km) round trip with minimal elevation gain

Description: The Sweni Wilderness Trail offers a guided hike through the pristine wilderness of Kruger National Park’s southeastern region.

Hikers will explore riverine forests and open savannahs, encountering wildlife such as hippos, crocodiles, and a variety of bird species.

Experienced guides lead the trail, providing interpretation and ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience in the heart of the African bush.

FAQ’s

Kruger National Park is most famous for its remarkable diversity of wildlife, including the iconic Big Five (lion, leopard, elephant, rhinoceros, and buffalo).

Spanning nearly two million hectares, the park offers unparalleled opportunities for wildlife viewing, attracting visitors from around the world.

Its vast savanna landscapes, dotted with acacia trees and watering holes, provide a natural habitat for a wide range of species, making it one of Africa’s premier safari destinations.

Additionally, Kruger National Park is renowned for its conservation efforts and research initiatives, contributing to the preservation of South Africa’s rich biodiversity.

Related National Parks

Kruger National Park leopard laying in a tree

Sources

Britannica, Kruger National Park, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kruger-National-Park, retrieved March 2024.
Kruger Park, http://www.krugerpark.co.za/, retrieved March 2024.
Rhino Africa, Kruger National Park, https://www.rhinoafrica.com/en/destinations/kruger-national-park/2651, retrieved March 2024.
Siyabona Africa, Best Time to Visit Kruger, https://www.krugerpark.co.za/Kruger_Park_Travel_Advisory-travel/best-time-to-visit-kruger-park.html, retrieved March 2024.
South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, https://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger, retrieved March 2024.