Lake Khovsgol National Park

Lake Khovsgol Overview

Lake Khovsgol National Park, locally known as Хөвсгөл нуурын үндэсний цэцэрлэгт хүрээлэн, is one of Mongolia’s most pristine and picturesque natural reserves. Covering an impressive 3,707 square miles (9,620 square kilometers), it is located in the northernmost region of Mongolia near the Russian border.

At its heart lies Lake Khovsgol, the “Blue Pearl of Mongolia,” the country’s second-largest freshwater lake and one of the most ancient lakes in the world, estimated to be over two million years old. The park’s location, nestled within the Khangai mountain range, places it in a diverse and dramatic landscape that boasts soaring peaks, verdant forests, and sweeping alpine meadows.

The terrain of Lake Khovsgol National Park is incredibly varied, with towering mountains like Burenkhaan (9,100 feet or 2,774 meters) creating a striking backdrop. The lake itself is a breathtaking centerpiece, stretching 85 miles (136 kilometers) in length and 17 miles (27 kilometers) in width, with depths plunging to 878 feet (268 meters).

The park’s landscapes are blanketed in dense Siberian larch forests, interspersed with birch groves and wide expanses of steppe, creating a haven for both plant and animal life. The clear, unpolluted waters of Lake Khovsgol teem with endemic fish species, while the surrounding environment features waterfalls, streams, and mineral springs, enhancing its ecological significance.

The park is home to an astonishing array of wildlife, making it a haven for nature enthusiasts. Among the mammals found here are ibex, argali sheep, Siberian roe deer, red foxes, and the elusive snow leopard. Birdlife is equally diverse, with over 200 species recorded, including majestic golden eagles, bearded vultures, and various types of cranes. The unique combination of ecosystems supports an intricate web of life that reflects the unspoiled wilderness of Mongolia.

Lake Khovsgol National Park is renowned for its cultural and natural features, attracting visitors worldwide. The lake’s pristine waters provide opportunities for kayaking, fishing, and boating, while the surrounding trails are perfect for hiking, horseback riding, and even winter sports during the colder months when the lake freezes over. Visitors also experience the traditional nomadic culture of Mongolia through interactions with local Tsaatan (reindeer herders) communities, adding a rich cultural dimension to the park.

The park faces conservation challenges, including the impact of tourism on its fragile ecosystems and the effects of climate change on the lake and its surroundings. However, concerted efforts by the Mongolian government and international conservation organizations have led to significant successes in protecting this ecological treasure. Strict management practices and community involvement have been pivotal in maintaining its biodiversity and natural beauty.

Park Map

Lake Khovsgol National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Lake Khovsgol National Park, located in northern Mongolia, is a pristine natural area centered around Lake Khovsgol, one of the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lakes. Known for its dramatic landscapes, the park features mountains, forests, and clear waters that serve as a habitat for a variety of unique wildlife species.

Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
The gray wolf is a top predator in the park’s ecosystem, roaming the forests and open steppes. These intelligent and social animals play a critical role in maintaining the balance of the park’s natural environment.

Siberian Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus)
This small, nocturnal deer is easily recognized by its fangs, used by males during mating rituals. Found in forested areas, it is highly valued for its musk, which is often used in traditional medicines.

Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
A common sight in the park, the red fox is known for its bushy tail and resourceful nature. They adapt to various habitats, scavenging and hunting small animals.

Pallas’s Cat (Otocolobus manul)
Also known as the manul, this elusive and rare feline has a thick fur coat that helps it survive in the harsh climates of the region. It prefers rocky habitats and preys on small mammals.

Siberian Ibex (Capra sibirica)
These agile mountain goats are commonly seen on the steep slopes surrounding the park. Their large, curved horns and sure-footedness help them navigate rocky terrain.

Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx)
A stealthy and powerful predator, the Eurasian lynx inhabits the park’s forests. It preys on small to medium-sized animals and is easily recognizable by its tufted ears and short tail.

Moose (Alces alces)
One of the largest mammals in the park, moose are often seen near Lake Khovsgol, grazing on aquatic vegetation. These impressive animals are an iconic part of the region’s wildlife.

Wolverine (Gulo gulo)
This rare and powerful carnivore is known for its tenacity and strength. Although sightings are uncommon, they inhabit the park’s remote and rugged areas.

Steppe Polecat (Mustela eversmanii)
This slender, nocturnal predator is a skilled hunter of small mammals. Its adaptable nature allows it to thrive in the park’s diverse habitats.

Altai Weasel (Mustela altaica)
Found in high-altitude areas, this small carnivore is notable for its agility and its role in controlling rodent populations within the park.

Birds

Lake Khovsgol National Park is also a haven for bird enthusiasts, hosting a diverse range of avian species, many of which are migratory. The pristine lake and surrounding landscapes provide critical habitats for these birds.

White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)
This majestic raptor is often seen soaring over the lake, scanning for fish. With its impressive wingspan, it is one of the park’s most iconic bird species.

Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus)
A high-altitude migratory bird, this goose is known for its ability to fly over the Himalayas. It frequents the shores of Lake Khovsgol during the breeding season.

Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)
A diving duck that nests in tree cavities near water, it is easily recognized by its distinctive yellow eye and striking black-and-white plumage.

Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus)
A graceful and vocal bird, the whooper swan can often be spotted gliding across the lake or feeding in shallow waters.

Demoiselle Crane (Grus virgo)
The smallest crane species, this elegant bird has a distinctive white neck plume and is a frequent visitor to the park’s grasslands.

Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bubo)
This large owl is a nocturnal predator, recognizable by its piercing orange eyes and prominent ear tufts. It resides in rocky and forested areas.

Common Merganser (Mergus merganser)
A fish-eating duck with a streamlined body, this bird is commonly seen diving in Lake Khovsgol’s clear waters.

Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus)
Known for its iridescent plumage and unique crest, this wading bird inhabits wetlands and open fields around the park.

Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)
This ground-dwelling songbird is notable for its melodic calls and distinctive black “horns” of feathers on its head.

Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix)
A highly intelligent and adaptable bird, the hooded crow is often seen foraging in the park’s diverse habitats, from forests to lakeshores.