Eastern Gulf of Finland Overview
Eastern Gulf of Finland National Park (Itäinen Suomenlahden kansallispuisto) is a protected area located in southeastern Finland, spanning approximately 2.7 square miles (7 square kilometers) across a network of small islands and islets in the Gulf of Finland.
Established in 1982, the park is situated near the Russian border and is part of the larger Baltic Sea ecosystem. It is known for its rugged archipelago landscapes, pristine waters, and significant maritime history. The park serves as an important refuge for seabirds, seals, and migratory species while offering breathtaking coastal scenery.
The park’s terrain consists primarily of rocky islets, wooded islands, and sandy shorelines. The islands are shaped by the forces of wind and waves, with granite and gneiss rock formations dominating the landscape. Some islands have dense forests of pine, spruce, and birch, while others feature open meadows and coastal wetlands.
The park’s waters are dotted with skerries and shallow reefs, creating a complex marine environment that supports a variety of aquatic species. The islands of Ulko-Tammio, Mustaviiri, and Ristisaari are among the most well-known, each offering unique natural and historical features.
Eastern Gulf of Finland National Park is home to a diverse range of wildlife, particularly seabirds and marine mammals. The great black-backed gull, common tern, Arctic tern, and white-tailed eagle are commonly sighted throughout the archipelago. During migration periods, large flocks of waterfowl, including long-tailed ducks and scoters, can be observed resting on the open waters.
The park also provides important breeding grounds for several species of waders and songbirds. Among the mammals, the grey seal and ringed seal are frequently seen basking on the rocky shores or swimming near the islands. Occasionally, elk and white-tailed deer may be spotted on the forested islands, while smaller mammals such as otters and raccoon dogs roam the coastlines.
Visitors to the park often explore its secluded islands and historical landmarks, including remnants of World War II fortifications and old fishermen’s huts. Ulko-Tammio, the most famous island in the park, offers hiking trails, birdwatching opportunities, and an observation tower that provides panoramic views of the Gulf of Finland. Boating and kayaking are the primary ways to access and explore the park, as there are no roads or bridges connecting the islands.
Guided boat tours from mainland harbors such as Kotka and Hamina allow visitors to experience the park’s natural beauty and rich history. Camping is permitted on designated islands, and visitors can stay in modest cabins or lean-to shelters for an immersive outdoor experience.
Conservation efforts in the park focus on protecting bird habitats, reducing human impact on sensitive ecosystems, and monitoring seal populations. Strict regulations limit fishing, hunting, and off-trail hiking in order to preserve the delicate balance of the marine environment. The park has been successful in maintaining its seabird populations, and conservation initiatives have led to the recovery of the Baltic ringed seal in the area.
However, challenges such as climate change, rising sea levels, and pollution from shipping traffic remain ongoing concerns. Efforts by Finnish environmental agencies and international cooperation with Russia and Estonia aim to mitigate these threats and ensure the park remains a vital part of the Baltic Sea’s ecological network.