Šumava National Park

Šumava Overview

Šumava National Park, or Národní park Šumava, is located in the southwestern part of the Czechia, along the border with Germany and Austria. Established in 1991, the park is part of the larger Bohemian Forest and is one of the most extensive national parks in Central Europe, covering an area of 263 square miles (680 square kilometers). Together with Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany, Šumava forms one of the most significant forest ecosystems in Europe.

The landscape of Šumava National Park is characterized by vast coniferous forests, peat bogs, glacial lakes, and mountain meadows. Some of its most famous natural landmarks include Lake Plešné, Lake Černé, and the Boubín Primeval Forest, one of the oldest protected forest areas in Central Europe. The park is crisscrossed by numerous rivers and streams, with the Vltava River—the Czech Republic’s longest river—flowing through the park.

Šumava National Park is home to a rich diversity of plant and animal life. The park’s forests are primarily composed of spruce and beech, with rare species like Sundew thriving in the park’s peat bogs. Wildlife includes species such as lynx, red deer, and wild boars, as well as a variety of bird species like black storks and woodpeckers.

However, Šumava National Park faces several environmental challenges, including bark beetle infestations, which have caused significant damage to the park’s forests. Additionally, climate change and increasing tourism pose threats to the park’s delicate ecosystems. Conservation efforts are underway to manage these challenges and protect the park’s biodiversity for future generations.

Park Map

Šumava National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Popular Species

Šumava National Park is home to a wide variety of species that thrive in its forests, wetlands, and mountainous terrain.

Eurasian lynx are elusive predators found in the park’s dense forests, preying on deer and smaller mammals while playing a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem.

Red deer are commonly seen grazing in the park’s meadows and forest edges, particularly at dawn and dusk, adding to the park’s majestic natural scenery.

Roe deer are smaller herbivores that roam the park’s woodlands and meadows, grazing on leaves, shoots, and grasses, and are often spotted in open areas.

European otters inhabit the park’s rivers and streams, using their sleek bodies to hunt for fish and small aquatic animals, contributing to the park’s aquatic biodiversity.

Wild boars are abundant in the park’s forests, foraging for roots, tubers, and small animals, often leaving behind signs of their presence in the undergrowth.

European beavers are key ecosystem engineers in Šumava, constructing dams and lodges in the park’s waterways, creating new habitats for other wildlife.

Brown bears occasionally roam the park, though they are rare, with sightings adding to the excitement for visitors exploring the remote areas of the park.

Wolves are re-establishing themselves in the park’s wilderness, hunting deer and wild boar while contributing to the balance of the park’s ecosystems.

Pine martens are agile, small carnivores that inhabit the park’s forests, feeding on small mammals, birds, and fruits, and are often seen darting through the trees.

European hares are fast and elusive herbivores, often found grazing in the park’s open meadows and using their speed to evade predators.

Bird Species

Šumava National Park is home to a diverse array of bird species, particularly in its forests, wetlands, and meadows, making it a birdwatcher’s paradise.

Eurasian eagle-owl is the largest owl in the park, known for its striking orange eyes and powerful hunting abilities, often preying on small mammals and birds at night.

Northern goshawk is a skilled forest predator, using its agility to dart through trees while hunting small mammals and other birds with impressive speed and precision.

Common buzzard is frequently seen soaring above the park’s meadows and forests, using its sharp eyesight to hunt small mammals, reptiles, and birds.

Peregrine falcon is the fastest bird in the park, reaching diving speeds of over 200 mph as it catches smaller birds in mid-air.

Golden eagle is a majestic bird of prey, known for its impressive wingspan and hunting prowess, preying on hares, foxes, and other mammals in open areas.

Sparrowhawk is an agile bird of prey found in the park’s woodlands, known for its ability to swiftly capture small birds and mammals.

Ural owl is a nocturnal hunter that thrives in the park’s dense forests, using its acute hearing to locate small mammals in the underbrush.

Red kite is a graceful bird of prey with a distinctive forked tail, often seen scavenging for carrion or catching small mammals in flight.

Hen harrier is a ground-nesting raptor that hunts over the park’s heathlands, preying on small birds and rodents with its low-flying, gliding technique.

Merlin is the smallest falcon in Šumava, known for its speed and agility, hunting small birds and insects in open habitats such as moorlands and grasslands.

Cultural

Velhartice Castle

Velhartice Castle (in Czech: Hrad Velhartice) is a medieval fortress located in the Šumava Mountains in the Czech Republic. Built in the early 14th century, the castle was originally constructed by the Lords of Velhartice, a powerful noble family. It is known for its unique architectural design, which includes an impressive stone bridge that connects the residential palace to a fortified tower, a rare feature in European castles.

Velhartice Castle has a rich history, having served as a strategic military stronghold during medieval times. The castle’s defenses were enhanced by its elevated position, offering stunning panoramic views of the surrounding forests and hills. Over the centuries, the castle passed through the hands of several noble families and underwent numerous renovations.

Today, Velhartice Castle is a popular tourist destination, offering guided tours through its historic rooms, Gothic cellars, and the famous stone bridge. The castle also hosts various cultural events, including medieval reenactments and historical exhibitions. Its picturesque location and well-preserved ruins make Velhartice Castle a captivating destination for history enthusiasts and travelers exploring the Šumava region.

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Engaging Sumava National Park

Hiking

Šumava National Park offers extensive hiking opportunities through its ancient, untouched forests. Visitors can explore trails that wind through dense woodlands, leading to scenic spots such as peat bogs, rivers, and lakes.

The trails vary in difficulty, allowing both casual hikers and seasoned adventurers to experience the serene beauty of the park. Along the way, visitors will encounter diverse flora and fauna, with chances to spot wildlife such as deer, lynx, and various bird species. The peaceful atmosphere of these forested paths provides an immersive nature experience.

Cycling

Cycling is a popular way to explore Šumava, with scenic routes running alongside the Vltava River. These cycling trails lead through meadows, forests, and past picturesque villages, offering cyclists a mix of natural and cultural experiences.

The routes are well-maintained and cater to all skill levels, making it an enjoyable activity for families and experienced cyclists alike. Along the way, there are opportunities to stop for picnics, take in river views, or explore historical sites.

Canoeing

For a more active way to experience the park, visitors can take to the water by canoeing along the Otava River. Canoe trips offer a peaceful journey through the park’s pristine natural environment, with scenic views of forests, meadows, and wildlife along the riverbanks.

The gentle current makes the river accessible to both beginners and experienced paddlers. Canoeing allows visitors to see the park from a different perspective, while enjoying a relaxing outdoor activity.

Winter Cross-Country Skiing

In winter, Šumava National Park transforms into a snowy wonderland, making it a popular destination for cross-country skiing. The park’s well-groomed ski trails wind through forests and across open fields, offering skiers a peaceful and scenic winter adventure.

With trails suitable for all levels, visitors can enjoy gliding through the snow-covered landscape, taking in the beauty of the winter scenery. Cross-country skiing in Šumava provides a unique and invigorating way to connect with nature during the colder months.

Related National Parks

Sources

All Trails, Best Trails in Sumava National Park, https://www.alltrails.com/ar/parks/czech-republic/south-bohemia/narodni-park-sumava, retrieved August 2024.
Amazing Czechia, Sumava National Park, https://www.amazingczechia.com/destinations/sumava-national-park/, retrieved August 2024.
EUROPARC, Sumava National Park, https://www.europarc.org/transboundary-cooperation/discover-our-transboundary-areas/bavarian-forest-sumava-national-parks/, retrieved August 2024.
Visit Czechia, Sumava National Park, https://www.visitczechia.com/en-us/things-to-do/places/nature/protected-areas-and-national-parks/c-sumava-national-park, retrieved August 2024.
Visit Sumava, Sumava National Park, https://www.npsumava.cz/en/, retrieved August 2024.

Šumava Overview

Park Map