Mongolia National Parks

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About Mongolia National Parks

Mongolia, a vast and diverse landlocked nation in Central Asia, is home to a remarkable array of ecosystems, ranging from sprawling deserts and steppe landscapes to majestic mountains and freshwater lakes. The country boasts 34 national parks, each protecting unique habitats and serving as a testament to Mongolia’s dedication to preserving its natural heritage. These parks not only conserve biodiversity but also offer an unparalleled glimpse into the country’s cultural and ecological wealth.

One of the most celebrated parks in Mongolia is Khustain Nuruu National Park, renowned for its successful reintroduction of the Przewalski’s horse, a species once extinct in the wild. Visitors to Khustain can witness these iconic horses roaming free against the backdrop of rolling hills and lush valleys. The park is also rich in birdlife and other wildlife, including red deer and marmots, making it a haven for ecotourism.

Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park, the largest national park in Mongolia, encompasses parts of the Gobi Desert and features an extraordinary array of landscapes, from vast sand dunes to ice-filled canyons like the Yolyn Am gorge. It is often referred to as the Great Gobi National Park.  This park is home to rare species such as the snow leopard and Siberian ibex, as well as ancient petroglyphs and dinosaur fossils that underscore the region’s paleontological significance. Visitors can explore its dramatic vistas and learn about the fragile desert ecosystem that has persisted for millennia.

Another gem is Ghorkhi Terelj National Park, located close to the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists. Known for its striking granite rock formations, lush meadows, and vibrant wildflowers, Terelj offers a more accessible nature experience. Visitors can hike, horseback ride, or even stay in traditional ger camps to experience Mongolia’s nomadic lifestyle.

Altai Tavan Bogd National Park, situated in the remote western part of the country, is revered for its breathtaking mountain scenery. The park encompasses the Tavan Bogd massif, which includes Mongolia’s highest peak, Khüiten Peak, and pristine glacial lakes. This park is not only a natural wonder but also a cultural treasure, housing ancient petroglyphs and burial mounds that reflect the region’s rich history.

Finally, Lake Khovsgol National Park, centered around the pristine Lake Khovsgol, often referred to as the “Blue Pearl of Mongolia,” is a must-visit for those seeking serenity and natural beauty. The park safeguards one of the world’s largest freshwater lakes and supports diverse wildlife, including moose and endemic fish species. The crystal-clear waters and surrounding taiga forests make it an ideal spot for outdoor activities such as kayaking and trekking.

Despite its conservation achievements, Mongolia’s national parks face challenges, including illegal logging, poaching, and the impacts of climate change. However, efforts such as community-based conservation programs and increased government investment in park management have shown promising results. These initiatives aim to balance ecological protection with the sustainable use of natural resources, ensuring these landscapes remain intact for generations to come.

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Mongolia National Parks

Altai Tavan Bogd National Park

Altai Tavan Bogd National Park

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Bogd Khan Uul National Park

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Bulgan Gol-Ikh Ongog National Park

Bulgan Gol-Ikh Ongog National Park

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Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park snowfall

Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park

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Turtle rock in Gorkhi-Terelj National Park

Gorkhi-Terelj National Park

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Ikh Bogd Uul National Park

Ikh Bogd Uul National Park

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Khan-Khokhi Khyargas Mountain National Park

Khan-Khokhi Khyargas Mountain

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Khangai Nuruu National Park

Khangai Nuruu National Park

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Khar Us Nuur National Park

Khar Us Nuur National Park

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Khogno Khan National Park

Khogno Khan National Park

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Khorgo-Terkhin Tsagaan Nuur National Park

Khorgo-Terkhin Tsagaan Nuur

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Hustai National Park

Khustain Nuruu National Park

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Lake Khovsgol National Park

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Munkhkhairkhan National Park

Munkhkhairkhan National Park

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Numrug National Park

Numrug National Park

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Onon-Balj National Park

Onon-Balj National Park

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Tarvagatai Nuruu National Park

Tarvagatai Nuruu National Park

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Ulaagchinii Khar Nuur National Park

Ulaagchinii Khar Nuur National Park

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FAQ’s

1. How many national parks are there in Mongolia?

Mongolia is home to several national parks, each offering unique landscapes and biodiversity. As of my last update, there are about 21 national parks in Mongolia.

These parks cover diverse ecosystems such as mountains, forests, deserts, and steppes, providing habitats for a variety of wildlife including snow leopards, wild horses, and rare bird species.

The parks also feature cultural and historical sites, ancient rock art, and nomadic communities, making them not only important for conservation but also for tourism and preserving Mongolia’s rich cultural heritage.

2. What is the largest national park in Mongolia?

The largest national park in Mongolia is the Great Gobi National Park, spanning over 27,000 square kilometers. It is located in the southern part of the country and encompasses diverse landscapes, including desert plains, rocky outcrops, sand dunes, and mountain ranges.

The park is known for its unique biodiversity, including rare and endangered species such as the Gobi bear, wild Bactrian camel, and snow leopard.

Great Gobi National Park also holds significant cultural and archaeological importance, with ancient petroglyphs and remnants of prehistoric civilizations found within its boundaries.

3. What is the smallest national park in Mongolia?

The smallest national park in Mongolia is Terelj National Park, covering an area of approximately 293 square kilometers. Located close to the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, Terelj National Park is known for its stunning natural landscapes, including rugged mountains, lush forests, and meandering rivers.

The park offers various outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, horseback riding, and camping, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists. Terelj National Park is also home to iconic landmarks like Turtle Rock and the Aryabal Meditation Temple, adding cultural and spiritual significance to its natural beauty.

4. What was the first national park in Mongolia?

The first national park in Mongolia is Bogd Khan Uul National Park. Established in 1778, it is one of the oldest national parks in the world. Located near the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, Bogd Khan Uul National Park is renowned for its rich biodiversity, pristine wilderness, and cultural significance.

The park encompasses the Bogd Khan Mountain Range, which serves as a sanctuary for numerous plant and animal species, including endangered ones like the snow leopard and Siberian ibex.

Additionally, Bogd Khan Uul National Park is home to historical and religious sites, including the Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan, making it a unique blend of natural and cultural heritage.

5. What is the most popular national park in Mongolia?

Gorkhi-Terelj National Park is one of the most popular national parks in Mongolia, known for its dramatic landscapes and outdoor activities.

The park’s main attractions include the towering rock formations, serene Tuul River, and alpine meadows.

Visitors can enjoy hiking, horseback riding, and visiting Turtle Rock and Aryabal Meditation Temple. Its proximity to Ulaanbaatar and scenic beauty makes Gorkhi-Terelj a favorite destination for both locals and tourists seeking adventure and relaxation in nature.

6. What percentage of Mongolia’s land area is protected through official National Parks?

Approximately 17.4% of Mongolia’s land area is protected through national parks, nature reserves, and other conservation areas. This amounts to around 267,700 square miles (693,410 square kilometers), one of the highest percentages in Asia, with the aim of preserving Mongolia’s vast and diverse ecosystems, including its deserts, steppes, and mountainous regions.

7. What other protected areas are there in Mongolia?

In addition to its national parks, Mongolia has numerous nature reserves and biosphere reserves. The Uvs Nuur Basin, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a biosphere reserve that encompasses desert, steppe, and mountain ecosystems, and is home to endangered species such as the snow leopard and Argali sheep.

Bogd Khan Mountain is a nature reserve near Ulaanbaatar, known for its ancient forest and spiritual significance, and is one of the oldest protected areas in the world. The Khustai National Reserve is famous for reintroducing the Przewalski’s horse, a wild horse species once extinct in the wild.

8. What nature attractions does Mongolia have apart from National Parks?

Apart from its national parks, Mongolia boasts a wide range of natural attractions. The Gobi Desert, one of the world’s largest deserts, is renowned for its dramatic sand dunes, the Flaming Cliffs (where dinosaur fossils were first discovered), and camel treks.

The Orkhon Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is known for its historical significance and the scenic Orkhon River, which flows through vast steppe landscapes. The Khuvsgul Lake, often called the “Blue Pearl of Mongolia,” is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Asia and is a popular destination for hiking, kayaking, and horse riding.

Altai Tavan Bogd, Mongolia’s highest mountain range, offers glaciers, alpine lakes, and breathtaking vistas, attracting adventure seekers and mountaineers.

9. What species are endemic and unique to Mongolia alone?

Mongolia is home to several unique species that are endemic to its vast landscapes. The Przewalski’s horse, once extinct in the wild, has been successfully reintroduced to the country and roams freely in reserves like Khustai National Park.

The Mongolian saiga, a critically endangered species of antelope, inhabits the steppes and deserts of western Mongolia. The Mongolian gazelle, which is one of the most numerous large herbivores in the world, is native to the steppes of Mongolia.

Additionally, the Gobi bear, a rare and critically endangered bear species, is found exclusively in the Gobi Desert.

10. What is Mongolia's main international airport?

Mongolia’s main international airport is Chinggis Khaan International Airport (IATA code: UBN), located near the capital, Ulaanbaatar. It serves as the primary hub for international travel in and out of Mongolia.

11. What international airline companies fly into Mongolia?

The following international airline companies fly into Mongolia:

  • Air China
  • Aeroflot
  • Asiana Airlines
  • Korean Air
  • MIAT Mongolian Airlines (national carrier)
  • Turkish Airlines

12. Who manages the national parks of Mongolia?

Mongolia’s national parks are managed by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism of Mongolia, which oversees the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity within the country. The National Park Administration, a division within the ministry, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the parks, including ecological protection and tourism regulation.

Several international organizations, such as WWF Mongolia and UNESCO, collaborate with the Mongolian government to support conservation projects and environmental sustainability initiatives.

For more information, you can visit the official website: http://met.gov.mn.