O Le Pupu-Pu’e National Park

O Le Pupu-Pu’e Overview

O Le Pupu-Pu’e National Park, located on the island of Upolu in Samoa, covers approximately 11.5 square miles (30 square kilometers). As the country’s first national park, it protects a diverse range of ecosystems, from coastal forests to highland rainforests.

The park extends from the coastline inland to the mountainous terrain, including the towering peaks of Mount Fito, which, at 3,566 feet (1,087 meters), is the highest point within the park. The landscape is characterized by lush tropical vegetation, volcanic rock formations, waterfalls, and caves, making it a haven for nature lovers.

The dense rainforest canopy is interspersed with large ferns, orchids, and towering native trees such as the tamanu and banyan. The park also features lava tubes and steep cliffs, adding to its geological significance.

Wildlife in O Le Pupu-Pu’e National Park is rich and varied, with a mix of native and migratory species. Among its most notable inhabitants are the Pacific flying fox and Samoan flying fox, both of which play a crucial role in pollination and seed dispersal. Reptiles, including skinks and geckos, can be spotted among the trees and undergrowth.

The birdlife is particularly remarkable, with species such as the Samoan whistler, Samoan starling, and the crimson-crowned fruit dove providing bursts of color and song throughout the park. The elusive tooth-billed pigeon, also known as the manumea, is one of the rarest birds in Samoa and is of special conservation concern. The park’s waterways support freshwater eels and crustaceans, while its varied habitats offer refuge to a range of insects and amphibians.

Visitors to the park are drawn to its many natural attractions, with the Togitogiga Waterfall being one of the most popular spots. This picturesque series of cascades is set within a forested area and has natural swimming pools where visitors can cool off.

The Peapea Cave, a lava tube formed by ancient volcanic activity, offers an adventurous exploration opportunity. Hiking trails wind through the rainforest, leading to breathtaking viewpoints overlooking the coastline and the surrounding mountains.

The Mount Fito Trail is particularly popular, providing a challenging but rewarding trek with panoramic views from the summit. Along these trails, visitors can experience the tranquility of the rainforest, hear the calls of native birds, and encounter the park’s diverse flora and fauna.

Engagement with the park extends beyond sightseeing and hiking. Guided tours offer insights into the cultural and ecological significance of the park, with local guides sharing traditional knowledge of the forest and its resources. Birdwatching is another rewarding activity, particularly for those hoping to spot rare or endemic species.

The park is also a site for scientific research and conservation efforts, providing an opportunity for visitors to learn about the ongoing work to protect Samoa’s natural heritage.

O Le Pupu-Pu’e National Park faces conservation challenges, particularly from deforestation, invasive species, and climate change. The encroachment of agriculture and logging threatens the delicate balance of its ecosystems. However, conservation initiatives have made progress in habitat restoration and species protection.

Community involvement is a key aspect of the park’s management, with local efforts focusing on sustainable land use and environmental education. Through these initiatives, the park continues to be a vital sanctuary for Samoa’s unique biodiversity while offering an immersive natural experience for visitors.

Park Map

O Le Pupu-Pu’e National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Birds

In addition to its diverse terrestrial fauna, O Le Pupu-Pu’e National Park is renowned for its rich birdlife, making it a significant area for avian biodiversity in Samoa.

Tooth-billed Pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris)
Known locally as the manumea, this critically endangered bird is endemic to Samoa and is the national bird. It inhabits the park’s mature forests, feeding on fruits and seeds.

Many-colored Fruit Dove (Ptilinopus perousii)
A vibrant bird with a distinctive plumage, the many-colored fruit dove is found in the park’s forests, where it feeds primarily on fruits.

Samoan Starling (Aplonis atrifusca)
Endemic to Samoa, the Samoan starling is a common sight in the park. They are versatile feeders, consuming fruits, insects, and small vertebrates.

Flat-billed Kingfisher (Todiramphus recurvirostris)
This kingfisher species is native to Samoa and frequents the park’s forests and open areas. They are known for their distinctive calls and striking appearance.

Wattled Honeyeater (Foulehaio carunculatus)
A common bird in the park, the wattled honeyeater feeds on nectar, fruits, and insects. They are often seen in flowering trees and shrubs.

Cardinal Myzomela (Myzomela cardinalis)
This small, vibrant bird is frequently observed in the park’s forests. They primarily feed on nectar but also consume insects.

Pacific Imperial Pigeon (Ducula pacifica)
Known locally as the lupe, this large pigeon is native to Samoa and is commonly found in the park’s forests, feeding on a variety of fruits.

Blue-crowned Lorikeet (Vini australis)
A colorful parrot species, the blue-crowned lorikeet is often seen in the park’s flowering trees, feeding on nectar and pollen.

Samoan Whistler (Pachycephala flavifrons)
Endemic to Samoa, the Samoan whistler inhabits the park’s forests and is known for its melodious song.

Polynesian Triller (Lalage maculosa)
This small bird is found in the park’s forests and edges, feeding on insects and fruits. They are known for their distinctive trilling calls.

O Le Pupu-Pu’e National Park’s diverse habitats provide sanctuary for these and many other species, highlighting its importance as a conservation area in Samoa.