Shikotsu-Toya National Park

Shikotsu-Toya Overview

Shikotsu-Toya National Park, located on Japan’s northernmost island of Hokkaido, covers an expansive 370 square miles (958 square kilometers) and is renowned for its striking landscapes shaped by volcanic activity. The park derives its name from its two primary lakes, Lake Shikotsu and Lake Toya, and is called “支笏洞爺国立公園” (Shikotsu-Toya Kokuritsu Kōen) in Japanese. Positioned southwest of Sapporo, it offers an accessible gateway to nature’s grandeur and serves as a popular destination for both local and international visitors.

The park’s terrain is defined by its dramatic volcanic origins, featuring active and dormant volcanoes, expansive caldera lakes, hot springs, and dense forests. Lake Shikotsu, a caldera lake formed by volcanic activity over 40,000 years ago, is one of Japan’s clearest and deepest lakes. Its pristine waters remain unfrozen year-round, surrounded by lush forests of Japanese oak and birch. To the east lies Lake Toya, another caldera lake known for its circular shape and picturesque views of the island of Nakajima at its center. The area is flanked by Mount Usu, an active volcano, and Mount Showa-Shinzan, a younger volcanic dome that emerged in the 20th century. These features offer stark reminders of the dynamic geological forces at play in the region.

The park’s biodiversity is equally remarkable. Mammals such as the Ezo deer and the Hokkaido brown bear roam the forests, while smaller species like the red fox and the Japanese sable can also be spotted. Birdlife is abundant, with sightings of the white-tailed eagle and the black woodpecker drawing the attention of ornithologists and casual birdwatchers alike. The lakes and wetlands provide habitats for waterfowl, including ducks and swans, creating vibrant ecosystems that support diverse wildlife populations.

Shikotsu-Toya National Park is also celebrated for its geothermal attractions. The hot spring resorts of Noboribetsu and Jozankei are famed for their therapeutic waters and picturesque settings. Noboribetsu’s “Hell Valley” (Jigokudani) is a dramatic volcanic landscape characterized by bubbling sulfur springs, fumaroles, and vibrant mineral deposits. Visitors can walk through these steaming vistas via well-maintained boardwalks or relax in nearby onsens after a day of exploration.

Outdoor enthusiasts are drawn to the park’s extensive trails, which provide opportunities for hiking, trekking, and climbing. The challenging ascent of Mount Tarumae offers panoramic views of Lake Shikotsu, while gentler paths through the forests cater to casual walkers. Kayaking, canoeing, and fishing are popular activities on the lakes, particularly during the summer months, while winter transforms the park into a wonderland for snowshoeing and cross-country skiing.

Conservation efforts in Shikotsu-Toya National Park focus on preserving its delicate ecosystems amid increasing tourist activity. The park’s management has successfully balanced accessibility with environmental protection by implementing strict visitor guidelines and promoting sustainable practices. However, challenges remain, such as mitigating the impact of volcanic activity on local communities and managing invasive species to protect native biodiversity. Despite these issues, the park remains a shining example of Japan’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage.

Park Map

Shikotsu-Toya National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Lake Shikotsu-Toya National Park in Japan is renowned for its striking volcanic landscapes, pristine lakes, and rich biodiversity. This park features a variety of unique flora and fauna, including species adapted to the volcanic environment. Below are some of the more popular species you may encounter in the park:

Hokkaido Brown Bear
A subspecies of the Eurasian brown bear, this apex predator roams the forested regions of the park. It plays a critical role in the ecosystem and can often be spotted near streams during salmon spawning season.

Ezo Red Fox
Known for its bushy tail and striking orange-red coat, the Ezo red fox is a common sight in the park. It is a curious yet cautious animal, often seen near forest edges and open fields.

Japanese Serow
A goat-antelope species native to Japan, the Japanese serow inhabits the mountainous areas of the park. It is a symbol of Japan’s wildlife conservation efforts.

Siberian Salamander
This remarkable amphibian can survive in subzero temperatures by freezing solid and thawing in spring. It is often found in the damp, shaded areas of the park.

Hokkaido Sika Deer
The sika deer, known for its graceful form and spotted coat, thrives in the forests and grasslands of the park. Its presence is vital for maintaining ecological balance.

Ezo Mountain Hare
This species of hare is adapted to the snowy environment of Hokkaido, with a seasonal white coat in winter that provides camouflage against predators.

Japanese Weasel
With its slender body and reddish-brown fur, the Japanese weasel can be found near rivers and streams, preying on small fish and amphibians.

Ezo Ground Squirrel
This small, burrowing rodent is active during the warmer months and plays a crucial role in seed dispersal within the park’s ecosystem.

Ezo Wolf (Extinct)
Once a key predator in the park’s ecosystem, the Ezo wolf is now extinct. However, its historical presence still shapes the cultural and ecological understanding of the region.

Asian Black Bear
Although less common, the Asian black bear can occasionally be found in the park’s more remote areas, where it forages for fruits, nuts, and insects.

Birds

Lake Shikotsu-Toya National Park is also a haven for bird enthusiasts, offering sightings of a wide array of avian species that thrive in its diverse habitats. Below are some of the popular bird species found in the park:

Blakiston’s Fish Owl
The largest owl species in the world, this rare and majestic bird is often found near rivers and streams, hunting for fish at night.

Steller’s Sea Eagle
A striking raptor with a massive yellow beak and bold black and white plumage, this eagle migrates to the park in winter and can be seen near open water.

Red-crowned Crane
An emblem of grace and longevity, this crane is often seen in wetland areas of the park. It is particularly cherished in Japanese culture.

White-tailed Eagle
A large bird of prey, the white-tailed eagle is a winter visitor to the park, often seen perched near the park’s lakes.

Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker
This small woodpecker is a year-round resident, recognized by its mottled brown and white plumage and its high-pitched calls.

Eurasian Jay
A colorful member of the crow family, the Eurasian jay is known for its striking blue wing feathers and its role in spreading seeds throughout the forest.

Whooper Swan
During winter, these elegant swans gather in large numbers at Lake Shikotsu and Lake Toya, adding to the scenic beauty of the park.

Mandarin Duck
With its vibrant and intricate plumage, the Mandarin duck can be seen in the park’s lakes and ponds during the warmer months.

Black Woodpecker
A large woodpecker with glossy black feathers and a red crest, it is often heard drumming on trees before being spotted.

Northern Goshawk
A powerful bird of prey, the Northern goshawk is known for its speed and agility, often seen hunting smaller birds in the park’s dense forests.

Lakes

Lake Shikotsu

Lake Shikotsu, located in Hokkaido, Japan, is a stunning caldera lake within Shikotsu-Toya National Park. Formed over 40,000 years ago by volcanic activity, the lake is renowned for its remarkable clarity and depth. At approximately 363 feet (110.9 meters) in depth, it holds the distinction of being Japan’s second-deepest lake.

Covering an area of around 30.4 square miles (78.7 square kilometers), its pristine waters are surrounded by towering mountains such as Mount Tarumae, Mount Fuppushi, and Mount Eniwa, offering a picturesque backdrop that changes dramatically with the seasons.

Lake Shikotsu’s landscape features dense forests that frame its shores, adding to its unspoiled beauty. The lake remains unfrozen throughout winter, a rarity attributed to its geothermal heat.

Visitors can enjoy various activities such as kayaking, scuba diving, and exploring the region’s numerous hiking trails. Wildlife in the area includes deer and foxes, and birdwatchers can spot species like the majestic Steller’s sea eagle.

Conservation efforts in the region focus on maintaining the lake’s clarity and biodiversity. Local management has successfully mitigated pollution and protected surrounding ecosystems, making it a cherished natural wonder of Japan.

Lake Toya

Lake Toya, also situated in Hokkaido’s Shikotsu-Toya National Park, is another spectacular caldera lake. Formed roughly 110,000 years ago by volcanic eruptions, it spans about 27.8 square miles (72 square kilometers) with a maximum depth of 597 feet (182 meters).

Lake Toya is notable for its nearly perfect circular shape and the central Nakajima Island, a group of volcanic islets that rise dramatically from the water.

The surrounding terrain is characterized by volcanic peaks, including the still-active Mount Usu, which provides a dramatic contrast to the tranquil waters. The lake’s shores are dotted with lush forests and hot springs, which are popular attractions for visitors seeking relaxation and rejuvenation.

Wildlife around Lake Toya includes diverse bird species like swans and herons, while foxes and squirrels can often be spotted in the forests. Recreational activities range from sightseeing cruises and fishing to exploring geothermal sites such as the Toyako Onsen.

Lake Toya is also an excellent example of harmonious conservation, balancing tourism with environmental preservation. Initiatives to monitor and protect the lake’s water quality and ecosystem have been highly effective, ensuring that it remains a vibrant and accessible destination for generations to come.