Kao National Park

Kao Overview

Kao National Park, known locally as “Paka Fakafonua ʻo Kao,” is situated on Kao Island in the Haʻapai group of Tonga. Established in 2001, the park encompasses the entire island and its surrounding marine environment, covering an area of approximately 4.43 square miles (11.47 square kilometers).

Kao Island is a striking volcanic formation, dominated by a symmetrical stratovolcano that rises steeply from the ocean to an elevation of 3,379 feet (1,030 meters), making it the highest point in Tonga. The island is elongated in a north-northeast to south-southwest orientation, with slopes exceeding 35 degrees leading up to the summit, which features a series of small coalescing craters. The lower flanks are densely covered in jungle, transitioning to sparse vegetation on the upper slopes due to the steepness and volcanic activity.

The island’s lush forests are home to a variety of bird species, including the Many-colored fruit dove, Crimson-crowned fruit dove, Blue-crowned lorikeet, Polynesian wattled honeyeater, Polynesian triller, Fiji shrikebill, and Polynesian starling. These species contribute to the island’s rich biodiversity and are of significant interest to ornithologists and bird watchers.

Kao Island’s prominent volcanic cone is a notable feature, visible from great distances and offering a dramatic landscape that appeals to adventurous travelers. The island’s uninhabited status and challenging terrain make it a unique destination for those seeking exploration off the beaten path.

Visitors to Kao National Park can engage in hiking and mountaineering, with the ascent to the summit being particularly rewarding. However, the climb is demanding due to the steep and rugged terrain, dense vegetation, and lack of established paths. Access is typically achieved via small boats landing on the south side of the island, though this can be treacherous due to heavy swells, necessitating skilled navigation.

Conservation efforts in Kao National Park focus on preserving its pristine ecosystems and unique biodiversity. The island’s designation as a national park has helped protect it from development and human impact. However, challenges persist, including the management of invasive species and the need for ongoing monitoring to ensure the preservation of its natural habitats.

In summary, Kao National Park offers a unique opportunity to experience Tonga’s highest peak and its unspoiled natural beauty. The island’s challenging terrain and rich biodiversity make it a compelling destination for adventurous travelers and nature enthusiasts alike.