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Kao Overview

Kao National Park, known locally as “Paka Fakafonua ʻo Kao,” is situated on Kao Island in the Haʻapai group of Tonga. Established in 2001, the park encompasses the entire island and its surrounding marine environment, covering an area of approximately 4.43 square miles (11.47 square kilometers).

Kao Island is a striking volcanic formation, dominated by a symmetrical stratovolcano that rises steeply from the ocean to an elevation of 3,379 feet (1,030 meters), making it the highest point in Tonga. The island is elongated in a north-northeast to south-southwest orientation, with slopes exceeding 35 degrees leading up to the summit, which features a series of small coalescing craters. The lower flanks are densely covered in jungle, transitioning to sparse vegetation on the upper slopes due to the steepness and volcanic activity.

The island’s lush forests are home to a variety of bird species, including the Many-colored fruit dove, Crimson-crowned fruit dove, Blue-crowned lorikeet, Polynesian wattled honeyeater, Polynesian triller, Fiji shrikebill, and Polynesian starling. These species contribute to the island’s rich biodiversity and are of significant interest to ornithologists and bird watchers.

Kao Island’s prominent volcanic cone is a notable feature, visible from great distances and offering a dramatic landscape that appeals to adventurous travelers. The island’s uninhabited status and challenging terrain make it a unique destination for those seeking exploration off the beaten path.

Visitors to Kao National Park can engage in hiking and mountaineering, with the ascent to the summit being particularly rewarding. However, the climb is demanding due to the steep and rugged terrain, dense vegetation, and lack of established paths. Access is typically achieved via small boats landing on the south side of the island, though this can be treacherous due to heavy swells, necessitating skilled navigation.

Conservation efforts in Kao National Park focus on preserving its pristine ecosystems and unique biodiversity. The island’s designation as a national park has helped protect it from development and human impact. However, challenges persist, including the management of invasive species and the need for ongoing monitoring to ensure the preservation of its natural habitats.

In summary, Kao National Park offers a unique opportunity to experience Tonga’s highest peak and its unspoiled natural beauty. The island’s challenging terrain and rich biodiversity make it a compelling destination for adventurous travelers and nature enthusiasts alike.

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Park Map
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Kao National Park Highlights

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Kao Island, part of the Haʻapai group in Tonga, is renowned for its rich biodiversity, particularly its unique fauna. The island’s remote location and undisturbed habitats make it a haven for various species.

Feral Pigs
Introduced to the island, feral pigs have established populations on Kao. These animals can significantly impact the local ecosystem, especially by disturbing seabird nesting sites.

Feral Dogs
Similar to feral pigs, feral dogs are present on Kao Island. Their presence poses threats to native wildlife, particularly ground-nesting birds.

Pacific Flying Fox (Pteropus tonganus)
This large fruit bat is native to Tonga and plays a crucial role in pollination and seed dispersal. They are commonly seen roosting in large colonies during the day and foraging at night.

Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans)
Also known as the Pacific rat, this species is widespread across Pacific islands. While native, they can have adverse effects on native flora and fauna, particularly by preying on bird eggs.

Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
During their migration season, humpback whales frequent the waters around Kao Island. They are known for their acrobatic displays and complex songs.

Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
This critically endangered sea turtle is known to nest on some of Tonga’s remote beaches, including those near Kao Island. They are recognized by their distinctive shell patterns.

Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Another species of sea turtle found in the region, green turtles are often seen in the coastal waters around Kao Island, where they graze on seagrass beds.

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