South Penghu Marine National Park

South Penghu Marine Overview

South Penghu Marine National Park, or 南方四島國家公園 (Nánfāng Sì Dǎo Guójiā Gōngyuán) in Mandarin, is a pristine marine sanctuary located in the southern part of the Penghu Archipelago in Taiwan. Covering approximately 97 square miles (251 square kilometers) of ocean and land, this park was established to protect the region’s unique marine and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as its geological and cultural heritage. The park spans four main islands: Dongjiyu, Xijiyu, Dongyupingyu, and Xiyupingyu, along with surrounding waters, forming a biodiverse and scenic haven that draws both researchers and travelers alike.

The terrain of South Penghu Marine National Park is characterized by dramatic basalt formations that showcase the area’s volcanic origins. Towering columnar basalt cliffs rise from the sea, creating awe-inspiring landscapes that are especially striking when viewed at sunrise or sunset. The islands also feature sandy beaches, rocky shores, and intertidal zones teeming with life. Vegetation on these islands is adapted to the harsh marine environment, with salt-tolerant plants such as sea purslane and beach morning glory dotting the landscape. The waters around the park are crystal-clear, allowing for an unobstructed view of vibrant coral reefs and underwater ecosystems.

Wildlife in South Penghu Marine National Park is incredibly diverse, both above and below the water’s surface. The park is a critical habitat for many marine species, including green sea turtles, which nest on the islands’ beaches. The coral reefs are home to a dazzling array of fish, such as clownfish, butterflyfish, and parrotfish, alongside larger marine animals like reef sharks and rays. Birdwatchers will be delighted by the sight of migratory seabirds, including terns and shearwaters, which use the islands as a stopover during their long journeys. The intertidal zones are rich with crabs, mollusks, and other small creatures, offering a glimpse into the park’s thriving marine biodiversity.

Visitors to the park are drawn to its unique combination of natural beauty and outdoor activities. Snorkeling and scuba diving are popular ways to explore the underwater world, offering up-close encounters with coral reefs and marine life. Kayaking is another favored activity, allowing visitors to navigate the turquoise waters and marvel at the towering basalt cliffs from sea level. For those who prefer staying on land, hiking trails on the islands provide stunning views of the surrounding ocean and geological formations. The park’s remoteness and lack of large-scale tourism infrastructure make it an ideal destination for those seeking a tranquil and unspoiled natural experience.

Conservation efforts within South Penghu Marine National Park have focused on protecting its fragile ecosystems from overfishing, pollution, and the impacts of climate change. Regulations on fishing and tourism activities have been implemented to minimize human impact, and local communities are involved in promoting sustainable practices. While challenges such as illegal fishing and the vulnerability of coral reefs to warming seas remain, the park has seen successes in restoring biodiversity and raising awareness about marine conservation.

Park Map

South Penghu Marine National Park Highlights

Wildlife

South Penghu Marine National Park, located in Taiwan, is a biodiversity hotspot featuring vibrant coral reefs and a wide variety of marine species. This park is renowned for its crystal-clear waters, abundant marine life, and geological formations like basalt columns. Below are some of the most popular marine species that thrive in its waters:

Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
This gentle sea turtle is commonly seen in the waters of South Penghu. They are known for their large, smooth shells and their herbivorous diet, often feeding on seagrass and algae.

Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris)
Named for their acrobatic spinning leaps, these dolphins are a delight to encounter in the park’s waters. They are social creatures, often seen in large pods.

Blacktip Reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus)
This species of shark is frequently spotted around coral reefs. Known for the distinctive black tips on their fins, they are shy and pose little threat to humans.

Manta Ray (Manta birostris)
These gentle giants glide gracefully through the water and are known for their large size and curious nature. They often feed on plankton and small fish.

Napoleon Wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus)
One of the largest reef fish, this species is recognized for its hump-shaped forehead and vibrant coloration. They are vital to the health of coral reefs as they help control crown-of-thorns starfish populations.

Clown Triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum)
Easily recognized by their bold polka-dot pattern, this striking fish adds color to the reefs. They are known for their territorial behavior and strong jaws.

Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
A critically endangered species, this turtle is admired for its beautifully patterned shell. It plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy coral reef ecosystems.

Lionfish (Pterois volitans)
This stunning, venomous fish is known for its long, flowing fins and striped body. Although an invasive species in many areas, they are part of the natural biodiversity in these waters.

Giant Clam (Tridacna gigas)
These enormous mollusks can live for over 100 years and are essential for coral reef ecosystems. They filter water and provide habitat for other organisms.

Spotted Eagle Ray (Aetobatus narinari)
With their elegant spotted patterns, these rays are often seen gliding near the seabed or swimming in shallow waters. They are known for their long tails and majestic presence.

Birds

South Penghu Marine National Park is also a haven for seabirds and other avian species. The park’s uninhabited islets and cliffs serve as breeding grounds for a diverse range of birds. Here are some of the more popular bird species found in the park:

Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)
This critically endangered species is known for its unique spoon-shaped bill and striking black face. They feed primarily on small fish and crustaceans in shallow waters.

Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes)
A rare sight, this elegant white egret frequents the park’s wetlands and coastal areas, where it hunts for fish and insects.

Streaked Shearwater (Calonectris leucomelas)
This pelagic bird is often seen soaring over the open ocean. They breed on the park’s rocky islets and are known for their graceful flight.

Crested Tern (Thalasseus bergii)
A common seabird in the park, the crested tern is recognizable by its black cap and slender wings. They are often seen diving for fish near the surface.

Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster)
These seabirds are famous for their dramatic plunge-dives into the ocean to catch fish. They nest in large colonies on the park’s uninhabited islands.

Black-naped Tern (Sterna sumatrana)
A delicate and agile tern, this bird can be spotted fishing near the coastline. They are recognized by their white bodies and distinctive black nape.

Greater Crested Tern (Thalasseus bergii)
Another common tern species in the region, these birds are known for their loud calls and social behavior. They nest in large colonies on the park’s rocky shores.

Pacific Reef Heron (Egretta sacra)
This versatile heron can be seen hunting along the intertidal zones. They come in two color morphs: white and dark gray.

Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii)
A graceful seabird, the roseate tern is named for the pinkish hue on its chest during breeding season. They are often seen in flocks near the park’s lagoons.

White-bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)
This majestic raptor patrols the park’s coastline, hunting for fish and small mammals. With its striking white belly and large wingspan, it is a symbol of the park’s avian diversity.