Wasgamuwa National Park

Wasgamuwa Overview

Wasgamuwa National Park, located in the Matale and Polonnaruwa Districts of Sri Lanka, spans approximately 148 square miles (385 square kilometers). The name Wasgamuwa derives from the Sinhala words “Walas Gamuwa,” meaning “gathering place of bears,” reflecting the park’s significance as a habitat for the Sri Lankan sloth bear. Nestled between the Mahaweli and Amban Rivers, the park is a gem of biodiversity in the country’s Central and North-Central Provinces. Its lush ecosystems, dominated by dry zone forests, wetlands, grasslands, and riverine forests, offer a unique tapestry of landscapes that captivate visitors.

The terrain of Wasgamuwa National Park is a blend of flatlands, rolling hills, and rippling waterways, with prominent features including the Sudu Kanda Mountain. The park’s vegetation is a mix of dry monsoon forest and grasslands, with remarkable flora such as Palu (Manilkara hexandra), Weera (Drypetes sepiaria), and Kumbuk (Terminalia arjuna) trees. Seasonal blooms and aquatic plants enrich the ecosystem, particularly around wetlands and riverine areas. These natural features sustain a variety of habitats, making the park an ecological treasure.

Wasgamuwa is famed for its wildlife diversity. Large mammals such as the Sri Lankan elephant roam its grasslands, often in herds, creating a spectacular sight. The park is also home to the elusive Sri Lankan sloth bear, along with leopards, water buffalo, sambar deer, and wild boars. Bird enthusiasts are drawn to Wasgamuwa for its avian treasures, including endemic species like the Sri Lanka junglefowl and the crimson-fronted barbet, as well as migratory birds such as painted storks and egrets. The wetlands provide sanctuary to numerous aquatic species, including crocodiles and freshwater fish.

Popular features of the park include the Wasgamuwa Tank, an ancient reservoir that attracts diverse wildlife, and the Dunuwila Wewa, a scenic wetland. Visitors often enjoy safari drives, allowing close encounters with elephants and panoramic views of the park’s diverse ecosystems. Birdwatching tours, nature walks, and camping near designated areas further enhance the experience, offering moments of serenity and adventure. The park’s cultural significance is underscored by its proximity to ancient ruins, such as the Malagamuwa temple complex.

Conservation efforts at Wasgamuwa have yielded notable successes, particularly in elephant management and habitat restoration. The park’s designation as a protected area in 1984 has curbed deforestation and illegal hunting. However, challenges remain, including human-wildlife conflicts and encroachments on the park’s buffer zones. Innovative programs such as electric fencing and community engagement initiatives aim to mitigate these issues, ensuring the preservation of this vital ecosystem for future generations.

Park Map

Wasgamuwa National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Wasgamuwa National Park, located in the central province of Sri Lanka, is renowned for its rich biodiversity, particularly its thriving population of mammals and reptiles. This park serves as a sanctuary for many species, making it a popular destination for wildlife enthusiasts and conservationists.

Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)
Wasgamuwa is a haven for Sri Lanka’s iconic Asian elephants. Visitors frequently observe these majestic animals in herds near water sources, particularly during the dry season.

Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus)
This elusive and nocturnal mammal is known for its shaggy coat and insectivorous diet. The sloth bear is often spotted in the park’s dense forests.

Leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya)
Though sightings are rare due to their solitary nature, leopards are apex predators in Wasgamuwa. They inhabit rocky outcrops and dense forests.

Sri Lankan Spotted Deer (Axis axis ceylonensis)
A common herbivore in the park, the spotted deer can be seen grazing in open grasslands or near waterholes.

Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
These large, sturdy mammals thrive in the wetlands of Wasgamuwa, often wallowing in muddy pools to stay cool.

Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris)
The park’s waterways are home to the mugger crocodile, a powerful predator that often basks along riverbanks.

Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans)
This small and beautifully patterned tortoise is a unique reptile species found in Wasgamuwa’s dry areas.

Golden Jackal (Canis aureus)
Known for its adaptability, the golden jackal is often seen in pairs or small groups scavenging or hunting in the park.

Sri Lankan Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor unicolor)
The largest deer species in the park, the sambar deer is frequently found near water sources, especially at dawn and dusk.

Toque Macaque (Macaca sinica)
This endemic primate species is easily recognizable by its short tail and playful behavior. They are often seen in trees or foraging on the ground.

Birds

Wasgamuwa National Park is a birdwatcher’s paradise, with an array of colorful and diverse bird species thriving in its varied habitats. The park is a key spot for observing both endemic and migratory birds.

Sri Lanka Junglefowl (Gallus lafayettii)
The national bird of Sri Lanka, this vibrant species is often seen scratching the forest floor in search of food.

Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela)
This majestic raptor is commonly spotted soaring above the canopy or perched on tall trees, scanning for prey.

Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala)
A striking wader with a colorful bill and bright plumage, the painted stork is often seen in shallow wetlands.

Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)
Known for its iridescent plumage and elaborate courtship displays, the Indian peafowl is a frequent sight in the park.

Malabar Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros coronatus)
This large bird is known for its distinctive casque and is commonly seen flying between tall trees.

Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus)
A wading bird with a stark black head and white body, the ibis frequents the park’s wetlands and rivers.

Asian Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi)
With its long, trailing tail feathers and elegant flight, this bird is a favorite among photographers.

Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)
This small, brightly colored bird is often spotted near water, diving to catch fish.

Green Bee-eater (Merops orientalis)
This slender bird with green plumage is seen perched on branches, waiting to catch insects mid-air.

Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis)
Found near large water bodies, this pelican is recognized by its spotty bill and robust build, often seen fishing in groups.