Ussangoda National Park

Ussangoda Overview

Ussangoda National Park, locally known as උස්සන්ගොඩ ජාතික උද්‍යානය in Sinhala, is a small yet intriguing protected area in southern Sri Lanka. Covering approximately 1.72 square miles (4.45 square kilometers), this coastal park is renowned for its unique landscapes, cultural significance, and the mysteries surrounding its reddish soil and barren terrain. Located near Ambalantota and Tangalle, it lies adjacent to the Indian Ocean, offering stunning views of the coastline and a distinctive combination of natural beauty and historical intrigue.

The terrain of Ussangoda National Park is characterized by its strikingly barren land with a reddish hue that sets it apart from the lush greenery of Sri Lanka’s other parks. This unique soil composition is believed to result from a meteorite impact, adding a layer of scientific curiosity to its appeal. The landscape is predominantly flat, with low-lying grasslands interspersed with scrub vegetation. The park is dotted with small clusters of trees and shrubs, while its proximity to the ocean enhances the contrast between the dry land and the shimmering waters. The park also boasts scenic cliffs that provide panoramic views of the surrounding coastline and the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean.

The park is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts and birdwatchers. Although the terrain may appear arid, it supports a variety of fauna. Visitors can encounter wild boars, toque macaques, and Indian star tortoises, as well as reptiles like monitor lizards. Birdlife is abundant, with species such as the peacock, Sri Lanka junglefowl (the national bird), and various kingfishers frequently seen within the park’s boundaries. The park’s coastal location also makes it a vital habitat for marine life, including sea turtles that visit the nearby beaches for nesting.

Ussangoda is a culturally significant site in Sri Lanka, steeped in mythology and history. It is associated with the ancient epic Ramayana, believed to be the place where King Ravana landed his aircraft. The park also contains ancient burial grounds, adding an archaeological dimension to its significance. Visitors often explore these cultural landmarks alongside the natural beauty, making it a multifaceted destination.

The park offers several ways to engage with its unique environment. Visitors can enjoy walking trails that traverse the fascinating landscapes, taking in the views of the rugged terrain and the nearby ocean. The cliffs are popular spots for photography and quiet contemplation. Guided tours provide insights into the park’s geology, wildlife, and cultural history, making for an educational and immersive experience.

Conservation efforts at Ussangoda National Park are focused on protecting its unique ecosystems and preserving its cultural heritage. Challenges include mitigating the impacts of human activity, such as illegal encroachments and unregulated tourism. However, successful initiatives have included habitat restoration and awareness campaigns aimed at fostering local community involvement in conservation.

Park Map

Ussangoda National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Birds

Ussangoda National Park is a haven for birdwatchers, with its coastal and grassland habitats attracting a variety of avian species. Below are some of the most popular birds found in the park:

Indian Peafowl
Recognized for its vibrant plumage and iconic courtship display, the Indian peafowl is a common and striking sight in the park.

Greater Flamingo
These elegant wading birds can be seen in the park’s lagoons, where they feed on algae and small aquatic creatures.

Painted Stork
Known for its distinctive pink-tipped feathers and long, curved bill, the painted stork frequents the wetland areas of the park.

Crested Serpent Eagle
This medium-sized raptor with a distinctive crest is often seen soaring above the grasslands in search of snakes and other prey.

Brown Fish Owl
A nocturnal bird, the brown fish owl can be found near water sources, where it hunts fish and amphibians.

White-Bellied Sea Eagle
This majestic eagle is a common sight along the coastal areas of the park, often perched on trees or soaring over the ocean.

Little Egret
This small white heron is a frequent visitor to the park’s wetlands, where it forages for fish and insects.

Black-Winged Stilt
Known for its long, pink legs and striking black-and-white plumage, this bird is often seen wading through shallow water.

Indian Roller
A brightly colored bird with shades of blue and turquoise, the Indian roller is often seen perched on branches or wires, hunting for insects.

Green Bee-Eater
This small, vibrant bird is known for its aerial acrobatics while catching insects. It is commonly found in the park’s open grasslands.

Ussangoda National Park in Sri Lanka is a unique park known for its reddish soil and open grasslands, which contrast sharply with the surrounding lush greenery. This park holds cultural and geological significance, often tied to local legends and ancient beliefs. The park is home to a variety of species, many of which thrive in its coastal and grassland ecosystems. Below are some of the more popular animal species found in Ussangoda National Park:

Indian Star Tortoise
This land-dwelling tortoise is known for its distinctively patterned shell that resembles a starry night sky. It can often be seen foraging for grasses and fruits in the park’s open areas.

Sri Lankan Leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya)
Although sightings are rare, the Sri Lankan leopard is a majestic predator that roams the park. This subspecies of leopard is endemic to the island and plays a crucial role in the ecosystem.

Ruddy Mongoose
A common sight in the park, the ruddy mongoose is a small, agile mammal with a reddish-brown coat. It is often observed hunting small prey or scavenging near water sources.

Indian Pangolin
This elusive, nocturnal mammal is covered in protective keratin scales and is known for its ability to dig deep burrows. It feeds primarily on ants and termites.

Golden Jackal
Often seen in small packs, the golden jackal is a versatile predator and scavenger that plays a key role in maintaining ecological balance in the park.

Slender Loris
This arboreal primate with large, round eyes is nocturnal and often difficult to spot. It feeds on insects, fruits, and leaves in the park’s shrubland areas.

Mugger Crocodile
Found in the park’s coastal waters and lagoons, the mugger crocodile is a formidable reptile and an apex predator of aquatic ecosystems.

Indian Cobra
One of the most iconic snakes in Sri Lanka, the Indian cobra can sometimes be spotted in the grasslands of Ussangoda. It is both respected and feared due to its venomous nature.

Wild Boar
These hardy animals are frequently seen grazing or digging for roots in the park. They are important prey for predators like leopards.

Grey Langur
This monkey species is known for its long tail and silvery-gray fur. It often moves in groups, foraging for fruits and leaves while communicating through loud calls.