Joshin’etsu Kogen National Park

Joshin’etsu Kogen Overview

Joshin’etsu Kogen National Park, known as 上信越高原国立公園 (Joshin’etsu Kōgen Kokuritsu Kōen) in Japanese, is a sprawling expanse of natural beauty located in central Honshu, Japan. Covering an area of approximately 726 square miles (1,880 square kilometers), it stretches across parts of Nagano, Gunma, and Niigata prefectures. Renowned for its diverse landscapes, the park is a haven for those seeking a connection with nature, offering a harmonious blend of mountainous terrain, lush forests, and tranquil highland plateaus. Its elevation and climate contribute to its unique character, making it a year-round destination for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers.

The park is dominated by dramatic mountain ranges, including Mount Myoko, Mount Shirane, and Mount Kusatsu-Shirane. Volcanic activity has shaped much of the region, evident in the park’s hot springs and fumaroles. Among its most striking features are the Jigokudani Monkey Park, famous for its snow monkeys bathing in hot springs, and the high-altitude Shiga Kogen plateau, which offers sweeping views and pristine alpine lakes. During the winter months, Shiga Kogen transforms into a premier skiing destination, while in summer, it becomes a lush green paradise filled with wildflowers and expansive marshlands.

The vegetation in Joshin’etsu Kogen is equally diverse. At lower elevations, you’ll find dense deciduous forests dominated by Japanese beeches and maples. Higher up, subalpine and alpine flora take over, including dwarf pines and rare flowers like the Asian skunk cabbage. The seasonal changes are spectacular, with the vibrant colors of autumn foliage drawing visitors from across the country and beyond.

Joshin’etsu Kogen is a sanctuary for wildlife. Among the mammals that inhabit the park are the Japanese macaque, Asiatic black bear, and sika deer. Bird enthusiasts will be thrilled by the variety of avian species, including the Japanese robin, mountain hawk-eagle, and black woodpecker. The park’s rich biodiversity is a testament to its well-preserved ecosystems, and spotting wildlife in their natural habitat is a highlight for many visitors.

Popular attractions within the park include the Nozawa Onsen village, famous for its traditional hot springs, and the Togakushi area, known for its ancient shrines and stunning cedar-lined paths. Activities for visitors are as varied as the terrain itself. Hiking trails crisscross the park, offering routes for all skill levels, from leisurely walks through lush valleys to challenging ascents of volcanic peaks. Skiing, snowboarding, and snowshoeing are major draws in the winter, while in warmer months, camping, bird-watching, and stargazing are popular pursuits.

Joshin’etsu Kogen faces conservation challenges, including the impact of tourism and climate change on its delicate ecosystems. However, ongoing efforts by park authorities and local communities aim to promote sustainable tourism and protect its biodiversity. These initiatives have seen significant successes, such as the maintenance of traditional hot spring practices that coexist harmoniously with the natural environment and the preservation of habitats critical to the park’s iconic species.

Park Map

Joshin’etsu Kogen National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Joshin’etsu Kogen National Park, located in central Japan, is a stunning haven of diverse ecosystems, home to rich alpine meadows, volcanic landscapes, and lush forests. This national park is famous for its hot springs and beautiful seasonal transitions, offering a glimpse into Japan’s unique biodiversity. Among its inhabitants, various mammals, reptiles, and plants thrive in its pristine environment.

Japanese Macaque (Snow Monkey)
Renowned for their winter antics, these monkeys are often seen soaking in the hot springs of Jigokudani. They are highly intelligent and adapted to cold climates, making them a symbol of the park.

Asian Black Bear
These shy but impressive bears inhabit the dense forests of the park. Recognized by the white crescent-shaped marking on their chests, they play an important role in the local ecosystem.

Japanese Serow
A goat-antelope species endemic to Japan, the serow is a solitary and elusive herbivore often spotted on mountain slopes.

Japanese Salamander
This amphibian thrives in the park’s wetlands and streams, representing the region’s aquatic biodiversity.

Copper Pheasant
Although more elusive, this ground-dwelling bird species is an essential part of the park’s natural heritage, with striking plumage that blends into the forest floor.

Japanese Pond Turtle
This freshwater turtle is often found in the park’s streams and ponds, a slow-moving symbol of longevity in Japanese culture.

Ezo Red Fox
Known for their adaptability, these foxes roam the park’s varied terrain, adding a touch of mystique to the wilderness.

Japanese Hare
This small, swift mammal is a common sight in open meadows and forested edges, especially in the evening hours.

Japanese Fire-bellied Newt
Famous for their vibrant orange-red undersides, these newts are a key feature of the park’s aquatic habitats.

Siberian Salamander
This remarkable species is adapted to survive freezing temperatures, highlighting the unique adaptations of the park’s fauna.

Birds

The park’s varied landscapes attract a range of bird species, making it a paradise for birdwatchers. From high-altitude specialists to forest dwellers, these birds add vibrant life to the serene surroundings.

Japanese Thrush
This melodic songbird thrives in the park’s dense forests and is often heard before it is seen, especially during spring.

Varied Tit
A colorful and energetic bird, the varied tit is commonly seen flitting among the trees, bringing charm to the forest canopy.

Japanese Grosbeak
With its stout beak and striking coloration, this bird is often spotted in forest clearings, feeding on seeds.

Brown Dipper
Known for its affinity for fast-moving streams, this bird can often be seen diving into the water in search of insects.

Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker
A small but industrious woodpecker, it drums on tree trunks as it searches for insects, adding rhythmic sounds to the forest.

Eastern Crowned Warbler
A delicate songbird, this species migrates to the park during the warmer months, where it breeds among the lush foliage.

Olive-backed Pipit
Preferring open grasslands, this bird is often spotted in the park’s alpine meadows, where its camouflage makes it difficult to spot.

Northern Goshawk
A powerful raptor, this bird of prey is a majestic sight as it soars over the forests in search of its next meal.

Grey-headed Woodpecker
With its distinct coloring and loud calls, this woodpecker is a favorite among birdwatchers exploring the park.

Japanese Accentor
A subtle yet elegant bird, the Japanese accentor frequents high-altitude areas, blending into the rocky terrain with its muted plumage.

Mountains

Mount Myoko

Mount Myoko (8,051 feet / 2,454 meters) is an iconic stratovolcano located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Known as one of the “Five Mountains of Northern Shinano,” this peak has deep cultural and geological significance. It is part of the Myoko-Togakushi Renzan National Park and offers visitors stunning views of lush forests, alpine meadows, and snow-capped peaks.

Mount Myoko is celebrated for its pristine hot springs, such as the renowned Akakura Onsen, which draws visitors year-round. The mountain is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts, offering activities like hiking, skiing, and snowboarding.

Its slopes boast diverse flora and fauna, ranging from ancient beech forests at lower altitudes to alpine flowers near the summit. Mount Myoko is also steeped in history, with numerous shrines and temples scattered around its base, adding a spiritual dimension to its natural beauty.

Mount Kusatsu-Shirane

Mount Kusatsu-Shirane (7,090 feet / 2,161 meters) is another prominent stratovolcano in Gunma Prefecture, closely associated with Mount Shirane. Known for its dynamic volcanic features, Kusatsu-Shirane boasts steaming fumaroles, bubbling sulfur springs, and vibrant crater lakes.

Yugama, a key attraction, is shared with Mount Shirane and is renowned for its unique color and acidic nature. This mountain is a part of Joshin’etsu Kogen National Park and serves as a hub for outdoor activities. In winter, the surrounding slopes transform into a popular skiing destination, while warmer months draw hikers eager to explore its volcanic landscapes.

The nearby Kusatsu Onsen town is one of Japan’s most famous hot spring resorts, enriched by the geothermal activity of Mount Kusatsu-Shirane. With its dramatic terrain and proximity to cultural sites, the mountain offers a rich blend of adventure and relaxation.

Mount Shirane

Mount Shirane (7,090 feet / 2,161 meters) is an active stratovolcano located in Gunma Prefecture. This mountain is famous for its striking crater lakes, including the vibrant emerald-green Yugama, formed by volcanic activity. The acidic waters of these lakes are a striking feature of the volcanic landscape.

Although part of the range within and around the park, Mount Shirane is part of the Nikko National Park and attracts hikers, geologists, and nature enthusiasts alike. Trails leading to the summit provide breathtaking views of the surrounding terrain, including neighboring peaks and valleys.

Due to its volcanic activity, Mount Shirane has created a geothermal wonderland, supporting hot springs and fumaroles. However, its active nature occasionally leads to restricted access for safety reasons. The combination of stunning natural beauty and geological intrigue makes Mount Shirane a must-visit destination.