Sembilang National Park

Sembilang Overview

Sembilang National Park, or Taman Nasional Sembilang in the local Indonesian language, is a sprawling wetland reserve located on the southeastern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, within Banyuasin Regency of South Sumatra Province.

Covering an area of approximately 780 square miles (2,030 square kilometers), this protected area is renowned for its vast mangrove forests, freshwater swamps, and coastal ecosystems, making it a biodiversity hotspot and an integral part of the larger UNESCO-listed Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra.

The terrain of Sembilang National Park is characterized by an intricate network of tidal rivers, mudflats, estuaries, and dense mangroves that dominate the coastal stretches. The park’s name, “Sembilang,” refers to a local species of catfish commonly found in the area, highlighting its rich aquatic biodiversity.

The landscape also includes peat swamps and grassy marshes, which create a striking contrast to the shimmering waters of the nearby Bangka Strait. Seasonal flooding and tidal changes shape the region, supporting unique vegetation such as nipa palms, mangrove apple trees, and towering stilt-rooted mangroves, which serve as critical buffers against coastal erosion.

The park is a haven for wildlife, with a remarkable array of species adapted to its wetland and mangrove ecosystems. Among its most iconic residents are the critically endangered Sumatran tiger and the elusive Malayan tapir, though sightings of these species are rare due to their dwindling populations and shy nature. Sembilang also supports large populations of proboscis monkeys, long-tailed macaques, and wild boars.

Bird enthusiasts flock to the park for its incredible avian diversity, with over 200 species recorded. The park is a key stopover for migratory birds from as far as Siberia, including the lesser adjutant, milky stork, and black-capped kingfisher. During the migration season, thousands of birds gather in the mudflats, creating a mesmerizing spectacle for visitors.

One of the park’s most popular features is its expansive mudflats, where visitors can witness flocks of wading birds feeding during low tide. Another highlight is the intricate mangrove forest, best explored by boat or kayak, offering a serene journey through a labyrinth of waterways teeming with life.

The annual Sembilang Birding Festival draws nature enthusiasts and conservationists from around the globe, celebrating the park’s role in supporting migratory bird populations.

Visitors can experience Sembilang National Park through guided boat tours, wildlife-watching expeditions, and nature photography. Kayaking through the mangroves and mudflats allows for an intimate encounter with the park’s serene landscapes.

Conservation efforts within the park have been both challenging and rewarding. While illegal logging, poaching, and land conversion for agriculture remain persistent threats, the Indonesian government and various NGOs have made strides in community-based conservation programs, mangrove reforestation projects, and patrolling initiatives to protect endangered species and critical habitats.

Park Map

Sembilang National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Sembilang National Park, located in South Sumatra, Indonesia, is renowned for its rich biodiversity, particularly its aquatic ecosystems and mangrove forests. The park is home to a variety of unique species, including those that thrive in its swampy and estuarine environments. Below are some of the popular animal species found in Sembilang National Park:

Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
The largest living reptile, the saltwater crocodile, inhabits the mangrove-lined rivers and estuaries of the park. Known for their immense size and strength, these apex predators play a critical role in the ecosystem.

Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)
This critically endangered tiger subspecies is an iconic inhabitant of Sembilang’s forests. Known for its smaller size and darker coat compared to other tigers, the Sumatran tiger is elusive and highly adapted to its environment.

Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus)
This unique herbivorous mammal, with its distinctive black-and-white markings, can be found in the park’s forested areas. The Malayan tapir is essential for seed dispersal in its habitat.

Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris)
These rare freshwater dolphins are often spotted in the park’s estuaries. With their rounded heads and sociable behavior, Irrawaddy dolphins are a highlight for visitors exploring Sembilang’s waterways.

Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)
A small wild cat with a spotted coat, the leopard cat is a nocturnal predator that thrives in the park’s diverse habitats, preying on small mammals and birds.

Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi)
This secretive feline is known for its beautifully patterned coat and exceptional climbing ability. Clouded leopards inhabit the dense forests of Sembilang.

Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
Easily recognized by their large noses and pot-bellied appearance, these monkeys are commonly found in the mangroves. They are excellent swimmers and spend much of their time near water.

Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus)
This elusive, water-loving cat is well-adapted to Sembilang’s wetlands. It preys on fish and other aquatic creatures, making it a unique resident of the park.

Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)
This social and playful otter species thrives in the park’s rivers and mangroves, where it hunts fish and crustaceans.

Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica)
This endangered mammal is known for its protective scales and specialized diet of ants and termites. Sunda pangolins play a vital ecological role but are threatened by poaching and habitat loss.

Birds

Sembilang National Park is also a haven for bird enthusiasts, as it is located along an important migratory bird flyway and features a variety of remarkable avian species. Below are some of the popular bird species found in the park:

Milky Stork (Mycteria cinerea)
This large wading bird with striking white plumage and a long yellow beak is a common sight in Sembilang’s wetlands. It is an endangered species and a key attraction for birdwatchers.

Lesser Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos javanicus)
This large, distinctive stork is often seen foraging in the park’s mudflats and mangroves. Its bald head and long legs make it easily recognizable.

Black-capped Kingfisher (Halcyon pileata)
This vibrantly colored kingfisher with a striking black cap and bright blue wings is frequently spotted near waterways.

Asian Dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus)
A migratory shorebird, the Asian dowitcher uses Sembilang as a key stopover during its long journey. Its long, straight bill is perfect for probing mud for food.

Great Egret (Ardea alba)
This elegant white heron is a common sight in the park’s wetlands. With its long neck and legs, the great egret is an expert hunter of fish and small aquatic animals.

Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster)
Known as the “snake bird” due to its long, slender neck, the oriental darter is often seen drying its wings near water after diving for fish.

Lesser Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna javanica)
These social waterfowl are commonly found in Sembilang’s lakes and ponds. Their distinctive whistling calls make them easy to identify.

Grey-headed Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus ichthyaetus)
This impressive raptor, with its striking grey head and powerful talons, can often be seen soaring over the park’s waterways in search of fish.

Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva)
A migratory bird with golden-brown plumage, the Pacific golden plover is a seasonal visitor to Sembilang’s mudflats and beaches.

Common Redshank (Tringa totanus)
This elegant wader with red legs and a long, slightly upturned bill is frequently seen in the park’s tidal areas, feeding on small invertebrates.

Sembilang National Park’s remarkable biodiversity and unique ecosystems make it a must-visit destination for wildlife enthusiasts and birdwatchers alike.