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Manupeu Tanah Daru Overview

Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park, locally known as Taman Nasional Manupeu Tanah Daru, is a magnificent protected area located on Sumba Island in Indonesia. Encompassing approximately 223 square miles (576 square kilometers), this park is a cornerstone of conservation efforts in the region, known for its breathtaking landscapes, unique ecosystems, and rich cultural significance.

Nestled in East Nusa Tenggara province, the park is a blend of rugged cliffs, rolling hills, lush valleys, and striking waterfalls that descend into pristine pools, creating a scene of unmatched natural beauty.

The terrain of Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park is dominated by steep limestone cliffs and expansive savanna interspersed with tropical and semi-evergreen forests. The lush vegetation thrives in areas where moisture is abundant, creating an oasis-like contrast to the dry savanna that blankets much of Sumba Island. Notable features include cascading waterfalls like Matayangu, which is both a natural and spiritual landmark.

This stunning waterfall is surrounded by dense forest, showcasing the biodiversity and serenity of the park. The interplay of dry and wet habitats provides a home to a variety of flora, including distinctive orchids and towering lontar palms.

Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park is a sanctuary for some of the most remarkable wildlife in Indonesia. It is part of the Lesser Sunda Islands Endemic Bird Area and is renowned for its avian diversity, housing several species found nowhere else on Earth. Bird enthusiasts flock to the park to spot the critically endangered Sumba hornbill (Rhyticeros everetti), Sumba buttonquail (Turnix everetti), and Sumba green pigeon (Treron teysmannii).

In addition to its birdlife, the park also shelters mammals such as the rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) and various bats that play a critical role in pollination and seed dispersal. The mix of endemic and migratory species makes it a biodiversity hotspot.

Visitors to Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park can engage in various activities to experience its natural wonders. Hiking trails wind through the park, offering opportunities to explore the dense forest, savanna, and limestone hills. Guided birdwatching tours are particularly popular, allowing visitors to observe rare species in their natural habitats.

The waterfalls, particularly Matayangu, serve as scenic spots for relaxation and photography. Additionally, the park provides a glimpse into the cultural traditions of the local Sumba people, who regard the land as sacred and maintain practices closely tied to nature.

Conservation challenges for the park include deforestation driven by agricultural expansion, illegal logging, and poaching. However, efforts to preserve this natural treasure have seen some success, such as reforestation projects and community engagement initiatives that integrate local traditions into conservation strategies. Partnerships between government agencies and NGOs have strengthened protection measures, ensuring that the park remains a haven for its unique biodiversity.

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Park Map
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Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park Highlights

Popular

Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park is located on the island of Sumba in Indonesia. This park is a haven for wildlife and is known for its rugged landscapes, steep cliffs, and diverse ecosystems. It is home to several rare and unique species, many of which are endemic to the island. Below are some of the more popular species that can be found in the park:

Sumba Deer
The Sumba deer is a subspecies of the rusa deer, found only on the island of Sumba. These deer are known for their medium size and reddish-brown coats, which help them blend into the forest environment.

Sumba Hornbill
Although hornbills are primarily associated with birds, the Sumba hornbill is a standout species due to its striking casque and role in the forest ecosystem as a seed disperser.

Sumba Fruit Bat
This large bat plays a crucial role in pollination and seed dispersal, contributing to the park’s ecological balance. It is commonly seen during dusk as it searches for fruit.

Timor Monitor Lizard
This monitor lizard is a notable reptile in the park, known for its robust size and adaptive behavior. It is often spotted basking on rocks or hunting near water sources.

Sumba Island Python
This non-venomous snake is an important predator in the ecosystem, keeping rodent populations in check. Its beautifully patterned scales make it a fascinating sight for visitors.

Sumba Forest Dragon
This small, colorful lizard is known for its ability to camouflage in the dense forest. It is a favorite among reptile enthusiasts visiting the park.

Endemic Wild Boar
The wild boar found in Manupeu Tanah Daru is a unique subspecies. It plays a role in the ecosystem by foraging and aerating the soil.

Sumba Civet
This elusive carnivore is known for its nocturnal habits and is essential in controlling smaller prey populations, maintaining ecological balance.

Sumba Flying Fox
A type of large fruit bat, the Sumba flying fox is often seen in large colonies. It is a key species for seed dispersal in the forest.

Sumba Sea Turtle
Though more commonly associated with coastal areas, the park’s proximity to beaches allows for sightings of these gentle reptiles during nesting seasons.

Birds

Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park is also renowned for its incredible bird diversity, with many species that are endemic to Sumba. Below are some of the most popular bird species:

Sumba Eclectus Parrot
This vibrant parrot species, with its bright green and red plumage, is a highlight of the park. It is often seen in pairs or small groups, foraging in the forest canopy.

Sumba Flycatcher
Endemic to the island, this small bird is known for its active behavior and melodic calls, often heard echoing through the forest.

Sumba Buttonquail
A ground-dwelling bird with cryptic plumage, the Sumba buttonquail is difficult to spot but highly rewarding for avid birdwatchers.

Sumba Green Pigeon
This colorful pigeon species is known for its striking green and yellow feathers and its role in seed dispersal in the park’s forests.

Sumba Jungle Flycatcher
This rare species is often found in the park’s dense forest undergrowth. It is admired for its soft, melodic song.

Sumba Hanging Parrot
A small, bright green parrot that hangs upside down while feeding, this bird is a joy to observe in its natural habitat.

Sumba Hawk-Eagle
This majestic bird of prey is an apex predator in the park’s ecosystem. It is often seen soaring high above the forest, searching for food.

Red-naped Fruit Dove
This beautiful dove is distinguished by its vivid red nape and soft cooing calls. It is commonly found in forested areas.

Yellow-crested Cockatoo
This critically endangered cockatoo is one of the most iconic birds of the park. Its bright yellow crest and loud calls make it a favorite among visitors.

Sumba Scops Owl
A nocturnal bird, the Sumba scops owl is known for its distinctive hoots and is a favorite for nighttime birdwatching enthusiasts.

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