Alas Purwo National Park

Alas Purwo Overview

Alas Purwo National Park, known locally as Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, is located in East Java, Indonesia, on the southeastern tip of the island. Spanning approximately 123 square miles (320 square kilometers), the park is famed for its dense forests, pristine beaches, and cultural significance.

Its name, translating to “The First Forest,” reflects local folklore that considers this area the cradle of the earth’s creation. The park is bordered by the Bali Strait to the south and features a mix of coastal, lowland, and mangrove ecosystems, making it a diverse and ecologically rich haven.

The terrain of Alas Purwo is dominated by lowland rainforests interspersed with open savannahs and mangroves along the coast. Towering trees such as teak (Tectona grandis), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), and several species of bamboo are characteristic of its lush vegetation. The park also boasts pristine beaches like Pancur and Plengkung, with the latter being a globally renowned surfing destination, famously nicknamed “G-Land” for its world-class waves.

Additional geographic highlights include the Sadengan Savannah, a grazing ground where wildlife congregates, and the mystical Gua Istana (Palace Cave), a site of spiritual significance often visited by pilgrims during traditional ceremonies.

Alas Purwo is a sanctuary for an impressive array of wildlife. Large mammals such as the Javanese banteng (Bos javanicus), rusa deer (Rusa timorensis), and wild boars are commonly seen in the savannah. The park is also a vital habitat for the endangered Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas), which relies on its dense forests for survival.

Birdwatchers are drawn to Alas Purwo for its avian diversity, including vibrant green peafowls (Pavo muticus), black-naped orioles (Oriolus chinensis), and several species of hornbills. The surrounding coastal waters host olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), which nest along its beaches, particularly at Ngagelan Beach.

Visitors can enjoy the park’s many attractions through various activities. Surfing at Plengkung Beach attracts enthusiasts from around the world, while wildlife enthusiasts flock to Sadengan Savannah for observation.

Hiking trails through the lush jungle lead to caves and cultural sites, including Hindu temples that offer a glimpse into the region’s spiritual traditions. Mangrove tours and birdwatching trips along the coast further enhance the visitor experience.

Conservation efforts in Alas Purwo focus on preserving its biodiversity and mitigating human impacts. The park has faced challenges such as habitat encroachment and illegal logging, but local and national initiatives have seen successes in turtle conservation and reforestation. Collaborative efforts with local communities have also enhanced awareness of the park’s ecological and cultural significance, ensuring sustainable management of its resources.

Park Map

Alas Purwo National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Alas Purwo National Park in Indonesia, located on the eastern tip of Java Island, is renowned for its pristine wilderness, captivating landscapes, and rich biodiversity. The park is a haven for various terrestrial and marine species, making it a vital area for wildlife conservation. Here are some of the most popular species found within Alas Purwo National Park:

Javan Leopard
The Javan leopard, a critically endangered subspecies of leopard, thrives in the dense forests of Alas Purwo. Known for its elusive nature and striking spotted coat, it plays a critical role as a top predator in the park’s ecosystem.

Banteng
A species of wild cattle, the banteng is prominent in the park’s grasslands and forests. Its muscular build and striking appearance make it a key attraction for wildlife enthusiasts.

Timor Deer
This medium-sized deer is a vital prey species for the park’s predators. Recognizable by its compact frame and reddish-brown coat, the Timor deer is often spotted grazing in open areas.

Leopard Cat
This small, nocturnal feline is adept at navigating the dense undergrowth of the park. With its spotted coat and agile behavior, it is a fascinating species to observe.

Green Sea Turtle
The park’s coastal areas and beaches are crucial nesting grounds for green sea turtles. These majestic marine reptiles return annually to lay their eggs, adding to the park’s ecological significance.

Long-tailed Macaque
These highly social primates are commonly seen in the park. Their curious nature and adaptability allow them to thrive in a range of habitats, from forests to coastal areas.

Wild Boar
Wild boars roam the park’s forests and grasslands, playing a significant role in seed dispersal and the park’s overall ecosystem dynamics.

Monitor Lizard
These large reptiles are frequently found basking in the sun or hunting along the park’s waterways. Their prehistoric appearance adds a unique touch to the park’s wildlife diversity.

Javan Pangolin
An elusive and critically endangered mammal, the Javan pangolin is known for its protective keratin scales. It is a rare sight in the park due to its nocturnal and solitary nature.

Python
The park is home to several python species, including the reticulated python, one of the largest snakes in the world. These reptiles are vital predators in the park’s ecosystem.

Birds

Alas Purwo National Park is also a paradise for bird enthusiasts, with a diverse range of avian species. From colorful migratory birds to iconic forest dwellers, the park offers a rich birdwatching experience. Here are some of the popular bird species found in the park:

Green Peafowl
This striking bird, with its iridescent green feathers and majestic tail, is a symbol of beauty in the park. The green peafowl is a critically endangered species and a highlight for visitors.

Javan Kingfisher
With its vivid blue plumage and sharp beak, the Javan kingfisher is a frequent sight near water bodies. Its striking appearance makes it a favorite among birdwatchers.

Black-winged Starling
This medium-sized songbird is easily recognized by its contrasting black and white plumage. It often gathers in small flocks and is a joy to observe.

Oriental Pied Hornbill
A striking bird with a large bill and distinctive casque, the Oriental pied hornbill can often be spotted in the park’s tall trees. Its loud calls add to the ambiance of the forest.

Crested Serpent Eagle
This bird of prey is known for its sharp talons and piercing eyes. It soars gracefully over the park’s forests, hunting for small mammals and reptiles.

Collared Kingfisher
The collared kingfisher is a small bird with a blue-green back and white underside. It is often found perched near water, waiting to dive for fish.

Blue-tailed Bee-eater
This migratory bird is recognized by its vibrant green body and blue tail. It is often seen catching insects in mid-air, making it a delightful sight.

Javan Hawk-Eagle
An endemic and endangered bird of prey, the Javan hawk-eagle is an emblem of Indonesia’s rich biodiversity. Its sharp cry and regal appearance make it a standout species.

White-bellied Woodpecker
This large woodpecker is often heard before it is seen, thanks to its loud drumming on tree trunks. Its striking black and white plumage makes it a favorite among photographers.

Barred Buttonquail
A small and elusive bird, the barred buttonquail is often found in the park’s undergrowth. Its intricate pattern provides excellent camouflage, making sightings a special occasion.