Van Vihar National Park

Van Vihar Overview

Van Vihar National Park, located in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, is an urban oasis blending natural wilderness with conservation. Locally known as “वन विहार राष्ट्रीय उद्यान” (Van Vihar Rashtriya Udyan) in Hindi, the park spans approximately 4.45 square miles (11.54 square kilometers) along the periphery of the Upper Lake, a key waterbody in the region.

Despite its relatively small size, Van Vihar plays a vital role in protecting wildlife and offering visitors a tranquil retreat amidst a bustling city. The park’s terrain is a mix of flatlands, rugged hills, and rocky outcrops, dotted with pockets of dry deciduous forests and grasslands.

These varied landscapes support a unique blend of flora and fauna, providing a natural habitat for both resident and migratory species. The vegetation includes teak, tendu, dhak, and bamboo trees, along with stretches of grass that are vital to the herbivore population. The serene Upper Lake not only enhances the park’s scenic beauty but also serves as a critical water source for its inhabitants.

Van Vihar National Park is home to a diverse range of wildlife, offering a sanctuary to many species rescued from poaching or other threats. Key mammals include Bengal tigers, Asiatic lions, sloth bears, leopards, and striped hyenas. The park also shelters herbivores like spotted deer, blackbuck, sambar, and nilgai, which roam freely in the open enclosures.

Bird enthusiasts can delight in observing over 200 avian species, including migratory birds like bar-headed geese, painted storks, and spoonbills, which flock to the lake during winter. Peafowl and parakeets are among the commonly spotted resident birds, adding vibrant colors to the park’s landscape.

One of Van Vihar’s most notable features is its approach to wildlife conservation. The park operates as a modern zoological park under the Central Zoo Authority, focusing on rehabilitation and care of rescued animals while allowing them to live in conditions that closely mimic their natural habitats.

Visitors can experience this unique blend of wildlife conservation and tourism through walking trails, cycling paths, and safari rides that offer safe and immersive ways to observe the animals. The park’s proximity to Bhopal city makes it highly accessible, attracting nature lovers, photographers, and families seeking a day out in nature.

Van Vihar National Park faces several conservation challenges, including habitat degradation, pollution from urban development, and the pressure of balancing conservation with tourism. However, the park has also seen notable successes, such as its effective rehabilitation programs and public awareness campaigns.

Efforts to preserve the Upper Lake, a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, have bolstered water availability for the park’s wildlife and bird populations. The park’s management continues to innovate in promoting eco-tourism and sustainable practices, ensuring a harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife.

Park Map

Van Vihar National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Birds

Van Vihar National Park is a birdwatcher’s paradise, boasting a wide array of avian species, including migratory and resident birds. These birds thrive in the park’s diverse habitats, ranging from wetlands to dense forests.

Indian Peafowl
The vibrant Indian peafowl, with its iridescent blue and green plumage and elaborate tail feathers, is the national bird of India and a common sight in the park.

Grey Heron
This large wading bird is often seen near water bodies, patiently hunting for fish with its sharp bill and elegant stance.

Black-winged Stilt
Known for its long, thin legs and contrasting black-and-white plumage, this bird is a frequent visitor to the wetlands of the park.

Eurasian Spoonbill
This striking bird has a long, spoon-shaped bill and is often found wading in shallow waters, searching for small aquatic creatures.

Indian Roller
With its vibrant blue and turquoise plumage, the Indian roller adds a splash of color to the park. It is often seen perched on branches or in flight.

White-throated Kingfisher
This brightly colored bird, with its vivid blue body and chocolate-brown head, is commonly found near water bodies, diving for fish.

Red-wattled Lapwing
Easily recognized by its red facial wattles and loud calls, this bird is usually seen in open grasslands or near water.

Little Cormorant
A small water bird with dark feathers, the little cormorant is often seen diving into the water to catch fish or drying its wings.

Purple Sunbird
This tiny, nectar-feeding bird is known for its shimmering purple and blue plumage in males, while females are olive-colored.

Shikra
A small bird of prey, the Shikra is known for its sharp eyesight and quick, agile flight. It is often seen hunting small mammals and birds.