South Button Island National Park

South Button Island Overview

South Button Island National Park, located in the picturesque Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India, is a diminutive yet extraordinary protected area renowned for its pristine beauty and rich biodiversity. Covering an area of just 0.03 square miles (0.07 square kilometers), this national park is one of the smallest in the region but holds a treasure trove of natural wonders. It is part of the Rani Jhansi Marine National Park group and is situated approximately 25 kilometers southwest of Havelock Island, a popular destination in the Andaman archipelago.

The park’s terrain is a delightful blend of rocky outcrops and coral reefs surrounded by turquoise waters. The island’s landscapes feature lush coastal vegetation dominated by tropical mangroves and scattered palms, creating a vibrant green contrast against the azure ocean. The underwater realm, however, is the true highlight, with coral reefs that harbor an astonishing array of marine life. The shallow coral gardens are teeming with vibrant coral species such as brain corals, staghorn corals, and plate corals, making it a haven for snorkelers and scuba divers.

The park is celebrated for its marine biodiversity, offering visitors an unparalleled opportunity to witness some of the most spectacular underwater ecosystems in the world. Marine species such as angelfish, butterflyfish, parrotfish, and clownfish can be seen darting among the reefs, while larger creatures like manta rays, reef sharks, and sea turtles often grace the waters. Additionally, the park is home to a variety of sea anemones, sponges, and crustaceans. Above the water, visitors may encounter seabirds like white-bellied sea eagles and various terns that circle the island’s skies.

South Button Island National Park’s allure lies not only in its natural beauty but also in its tranquility. The park is a favored destination for eco-tourists and adventure enthusiasts who enjoy activities like snorkeling, scuba diving, and glass-bottom boat tours. These experiences offer an intimate glimpse into the vivid marine life and coral structures that flourish beneath the surface. While there are no permanent human settlements on the island, it remains a popular day-trip destination from nearby Havelock and Neil Islands.

Conservation efforts have been pivotal in maintaining the park’s ecological integrity. Managed under the guidelines of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Forest Department, the park is protected from overfishing, coral harvesting, and other destructive activities. Despite these measures, the region faces challenges such as coral bleaching due to rising sea temperatures and the impact of marine pollution. Nonetheless, ongoing initiatives, including reef restoration programs and community engagement, have helped preserve the park’s unique ecosystems and raise awareness about its importance.

Park Map

South Button Island National Park Highlights

Wildlife

South Button Island National Park, located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India, is renowned for its pristine waters, vibrant coral reefs, and diverse marine life. This small yet ecologically rich park is a haven for various species of marine animals and terrestrial wildlife. Below are some of the more popular species found in the park:

Humphead Wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus)
The Humphead Wrasse is a large, colorful fish often seen in the coral reefs of the park. Known for its prominent forehead hump, this species plays a vital role in maintaining the health of reef ecosystems by preying on harmful crown-of-thorns starfish.

Napoleon Wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus)
This enormous reef fish is notable for its thick lips and striking blue-green coloration. It thrives in the coral reef habitats of the park and contributes significantly to the biodiversity of the marine ecosystem.

Clownfish (Amphiprioninae)
Clownfish, made famous by their symbiotic relationship with sea anemones, are commonly spotted in the shallow coral reefs of South Button Island. Their vibrant orange and white stripes make them a favorite among divers.

Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Green sea turtles are a common sight in the park’s waters. These gentle reptiles feed on seagrass and algae and often use the nearby beaches as nesting grounds.

Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Critically endangered, the Hawksbill Turtle is another iconic marine species found in the park. They are crucial for coral reef health as they consume sponges that might otherwise overgrow the reefs.

Giant Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)
The Giant Grouper is one of the largest bony fish in the world and inhabits the coral reef areas. Its immense size and mottled coloration make it a fascinating species to observe.

Manta Ray (Manta birostris)
Manta rays, with their graceful movements and large wingspan, are often seen gliding through the clear waters around South Button Island. They are filter feeders, sustaining themselves on plankton.

Reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus)
Blacktip reef sharks are commonly found patrolling the shallow waters of the park. Their sleek bodies and quick movements make them an exciting sight for snorkelers and divers.

Sea Cucumber (Holothuroidea)
Sea cucumbers are a vital component of the park’s marine ecosystem, contributing to nutrient cycling and maintaining sediment health. They are often found on the sandy sea floor.

Soft Corals (Octocorallia)
Soft corals of various colors and shapes thrive in the waters of South Button Island. They form an essential part of the reef ecosystem, providing shelter for numerous marine creatures.

Birds

Though South Button Island is more famous for its marine life, the park and its surrounding islands are home to various bird species that add to the ecological richness. Below are some of the popular bird species found in the park:

White-bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)
This majestic raptor is often seen soaring above the waters near the island. It preys on fish and other marine life, making it an essential predator in the coastal ecosystem.

Pacific Reef Heron (Egretta sacra)
Known for its ability to adapt to both rocky shores and sandy beaches, the Pacific Reef Heron is a common sight along the island’s shores. Its plumage varies from white to dark gray.

Andaman Drongo (Dicrurus andamanensis)
Endemic to the Andaman Islands, the Andaman Drongo is a glossy black bird with a forked tail. Its melodious calls are often heard in the park’s vegetation.

Black-naped Tern (Sterna sumatrana)
This elegant seabird is frequently spotted near the park, often resting on the rocks or diving for fish. Its slender body and white plumage with a distinctive black nape make it easy to identify.

Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus)
Brown Noddies are seabirds that nest on the rocky outcrops surrounding the park. They are excellent divers, feeding on small fish and squid.

Collared Kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris)
With its vibrant blue-green plumage and loud calls, the Collared Kingfisher is often seen perched on mangrove branches or coastal trees.

Andaman Woodpecker (Dryocopus hodgei)
Another endemic species, the Andaman Woodpecker, is known for its striking black and red plumage. It is usually found in wooded areas near the park.

Lesser Frigatebird (Fregata ariel)
This seabird is known for its forked tail and striking red throat pouch, which males inflate during mating displays. It often soars high above the ocean searching for food.

Eastern Reef Egret (Egretta sacra)
Similar to the Pacific Reef Heron, the Eastern Reef Egret is adept at foraging in tidal zones. It can be seen stalking small fish along the shoreline.

Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii)
This elegant bird with a delicate pinkish hue to its underparts is a frequent visitor to the area. It is known for its acrobatic dives to catch fish.

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