Pacaya National Park

Pacaya Overview

Pacaya National Park, known locally as Parque Nacional Pacaya, is a protected area in southern Guatemala spanning approximately 33 square miles (85 square kilometers).

Located within the departments of Escuintla, Guatemala, and Amatitlán, it is best known for the active Pacaya Volcano, which reaches an elevation of about 8,373 feet (2,552 meters).

This stratovolcano is one of the most accessible active volcanoes in Central America, attracting thousands of visitors each year who seek to witness its frequent eruptions, glowing lava flows, and dramatic landscapes. The park offers striking views of nearby volcanoes such as Agua, Fuego, and Acatenango, creating a breathtaking backdrop for exploration.

The terrain of Pacaya National Park is shaped largely by volcanic activity, featuring rugged slopes, hardened lava fields, and lush forests that have repeatedly recovered from eruptions. The landscape transitions from tropical forests at lower elevations to barren volcanic rock and ash near the summit.

The park is home to a mix of cloud forests and pine-oak woodlands, where resilient vegetation thrives despite the harsh volcanic conditions. Various ferns, mosses, and wildflowers, including orchids, dot the landscape, creating an interesting contrast against the black volcanic rock. Over time, lava flows have cooled and broken down into nutrient-rich soil, allowing greenery to reclaim parts of the volcanic slopes.

Wildlife in Pacaya National Park is diverse, with several species adapted to the park’s dynamic environment. Among the most notable mammals are white-nosed coatis, ocelots, armadillos, and deer, all of which navigate the park’s varied terrain. Howler monkeys are sometimes heard in the forested lower elevations.

The park is also an excellent location for birdwatching, with species such as the resplendent quetzal, the national bird of Guatemala, occasionally spotted in the forested areas. Other common avian species include emerald toucanets, parrots, motmots, and falcons. Raptors such as hawks and kestrels are often seen soaring over the volcanic ridges in search of prey.

A major draw of Pacaya National Park is the opportunity to hike up the active volcano, an experience that offers close encounters with steam vents, lava flows, and hardened volcanic rock formations. The most popular trail leads visitors through forests and past previous lava flows before reaching a high vantage point where molten lava may be visible, depending on recent volcanic activity.

At times, visitors can roast marshmallows over the heat of the volcanic vents, a unique experience that has become an unofficial tradition. Guided tours are recommended, as conditions can change rapidly due to the volcano’s activity. On clear days, the summit provides sweeping views of the surrounding highlands, Lake Amatitlán, and the distant Pacific coastline.

Pacaya National Park faces several conservation challenges, including deforestation, illegal logging, and the impact of volcanic eruptions on local ecosystems. However, park authorities and conservation groups have worked to protect the region through reforestation efforts and sustainable tourism initiatives.

Controlled hiking routes help minimize environmental degradation, while community-based ecotourism programs provide local economic benefits. Despite the ongoing volcanic activity, Pacaya remains a dynamic and fascinating destination where visitors can witness the raw power of nature while contributing to conservation efforts.

Park Map

Pacaya National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Pacaya National Park, located in Guatemala, is home to a rich variety of wildlife, thriving within its volcanic landscape of lush forests and lava fields. The park’s biodiversity includes fascinating mammals and reptiles that have adapted to the unique environment surrounding the active Pacaya Volcano.

Jaguar (Panthera onca)
A secretive predator, the jaguar is the largest wild cat in the Americas. Though rare to spot, it roams the dense forests of the park, preying on deer, peccaries, and other mammals.

Margay (Leopardus wiedii)
This small, elusive wild cat is known for its remarkable climbing ability, often leaping through trees in pursuit of birds and small mammals. Unlike other cats, margays can rotate their hind legs to climb down trees headfirst.

White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
A common sight in the park’s forested areas, the white-tailed deer is a graceful herbivore that feeds on leaves, grass, and fruits. It serves as prey for large predators like jaguars and pumas.

Central American Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)
A rodent resembling a large guinea pig, the agouti plays a key role in the ecosystem by dispersing seeds as it forages for nuts and fruits. These shy creatures are often seen darting through the undergrowth.

Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Recognizable by its armored shell, the nine-banded armadillo is a nocturnal burrower that feeds on insects, worms, and small vertebrates. It is often found digging near the forest floor in search of food.

Guatemalan Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra)
This large primate is famous for its deep, echoing calls that can be heard across the park. Feeding on leaves and fruits, howler monkeys spend most of their time high in the trees.

Baird’s Tapir (Tapirus bairdii)
A rare but significant species, the Baird’s tapir is the largest land mammal in Central America. It thrives in forested areas and plays a crucial role in seed dispersal.

Puma (Puma concolor)
A stealthy and adaptable predator, the puma, or mountain lion, inhabits various terrains within the park. It preys on deer, small mammals, and even reptiles.

Ocellated Turkey (Meleagris ocellata)
Though a bird, this vibrant and striking species is often noted for its ground-dwelling habits, making it a remarkable sight in the park’s open areas.

Fer-de-lance (Bothrops asper)
A highly venomous snake, the fer-de-lance is a formidable predator that preys on rodents, amphibians, and small mammals. It is known for its aggressive nature and camouflaged appearance.

Birds

Pacaya National Park is a haven for birdwatchers, offering a diverse array of bird species that thrive in its forests, lava fields, and wetlands. From colorful toucans to powerful raptors, the park provides an incredible birdwatching experience.

Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno)
Guatemala’s national bird, the quetzal is a stunning green and red species with long iridescent tail feathers. It is often seen in the park’s cloud forests, feeding on fruit, particularly wild avocados.

Keel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus)
A brilliantly colored bird with a large, curved bill, the keel-billed toucan is commonly found in the park’s forested areas. It feeds on fruits, insects, and small reptiles.

Turquoise-browed Motmot (Eumomota superciliosa)
Easily recognized by its striking blue and green plumage and racket-shaped tail, this bird is often spotted perched on branches, wagging its tail to communicate with others.

White-fronted Parrot (Amazona albifrons)
A medium-sized parrot with bright green feathers and a distinctive white forehead, this species is highly social and often seen in flocks.

Black Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus)
A powerful bird of prey, the black hawk-eagle soars high above the forest, scanning for mammals, birds, and reptiles to hunt. Its piercing calls can often be heard in the park.

Great Potoo (Nyctibius grandis)
A master of camouflage, the great potoo is a nocturnal bird that blends perfectly with tree branches. It has a haunting call that echoes through the forest at night.

Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl)
One of the most common hummingbirds in the region, this small but energetic bird flits from flower to flower, feeding on nectar.

Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus)
A striking black and red woodpecker with a loud call and strong beak, it is often seen pecking at tree trunks in search of insects.

King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa)
A large and majestic scavenger, the king vulture stands out with its vibrant head colors and strong build. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by cleaning up carcasses.

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
The smallest falcon in the Americas, the American kestrel is an agile hunter that preys on insects, small mammals, and birds. It is often seen perched on trees or hovering in search of prey.

Pacaya National Park offers an extraordinary opportunity to observe these fascinating species in their natural habitat, making it a must-visit destination for wildlife enthusiasts.