Matsalu National Park

Matsalu Overview

Matsalu National Park, known locally as Matsalu Rahvuspark, is one of Estonia’s most treasured natural reserves. Located in the western part of the country near the Gulf of Finland, it spans approximately 188 square miles (486 square kilometers). This expansive park was established to protect the vital wetlands, meadows, and reed beds that make up its unique ecosystem.

Situated along the Kasari River delta and the Matsalu Bay, the park is a cornerstone of Estonia’s conservation efforts, offering a breathtaking landscape of coastal waters, marshlands, and scattered islets. Its lush environment transforms throughout the seasons, showcasing vibrant wildflowers in spring, golden meadows in summer, and serene, frost-covered expanses in winter.

The park’s terrain is a mosaic of diverse habitats, including over 30 square miles (78 square kilometers) of reed beds—the largest of their kind in northern Europe. The Kasari River, a defining feature, meanders through the region, creating a network of floodplains and meadows that host a rich variety of flora and fauna. Forested areas are interspersed with open grasslands, offering a variety of landscapes for visitors to explore.

Key highlights include the Matsalu Bay, a shallow inlet of the Baltic Sea, and Puise Peninsula, which provides sweeping views of the surrounding waters and islands. The area is also home to historic farmsteads and windmills, blending human history with natural beauty.

Matsalu National Park is internationally renowned as a paradise for birdwatchers. Over 270 bird species have been recorded here, with the park serving as a critical stopover for migratory birds along the East Atlantic Flyway. Thousands of barnacle geese, cranes, and whooper swans can be seen during migration seasons in spring and autumn, creating a spectacular natural display.

Mammals such as roe deer, elk, and wild boar roam the meadows and forests, while smaller creatures like foxes and badgers are also prevalent. The wetlands are teeming with life, including frogs, insects, and a variety of fish species that support the ecosystem.

Visitors to Matsalu National Park are drawn to its unspoiled beauty and tranquility. Popular features include the numerous birdwatching towers scattered across the park, offering unparalleled views of the wetlands and the birdlife they host. Hiking trails, such as the Penijõe-Aegviidu trail, wind through the varied terrain, allowing for intimate exploration of the landscapes.

Kayaking along the Kasari River or in Matsalu Bay is another favored activity, offering a unique perspective of the park’s vast reed beds and waterways. The visitor center in Penijõe provides educational exhibits about the park’s ecology and history.

Matsalu faces challenges related to the impacts of climate change and the need to balance human activities, such as agriculture and tourism, with conservation goals. However, the park has been a leader in successful habitat restoration and species monitoring programs, particularly for its bird populations.

International recognition, including its designation as a Ramsar wetland of international importance, highlights the success of ongoing efforts to preserve this unique environment for future generations.

Park Map

Matsalu National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Birds

Matsalu National Park is also famous for its incredible birdlife, attracting birdwatchers from around the world. With its rich variety of habitats, the park serves as a critical stopover site for migratory birds.

Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis)
This species is a common sight during migration seasons, with flocks gathering in the park’s coastal meadows and wetlands.

Eurasian Crane (Grus grus)
Known for their elegant dance displays, Eurasian cranes are a key highlight of Matsalu. These large birds gather in impressive numbers during migration.

White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)
The white-tailed eagle, Europe’s largest bird of prey, is often seen soaring above Matsalu’s wetlands. It primarily hunts fish and waterfowl.

Great Egret (Ardea alba)
This striking white bird is commonly found wading in the park’s shallow waters, feeding on fish and amphibians.

Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus)
Known for its distinctive crest and aerial displays, the Northern lapwing is a charming inhabitant of Matsalu’s meadows and marshes.

Common Tern (Sterna hirundo)
These agile birds are frequently spotted diving into Matsalu’s waters to catch fish. They nest along the park’s coastal areas.

Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)
Mute swans are a graceful and iconic species in Matsalu. They are often seen gliding across the park’s calm waters.

Eurasian Bittern (Botaurus stellaris)
This secretive bird is known for its booming call, which echoes through the wetlands. The Eurasian bittern camouflages well among reeds.

Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)
A diving duck with striking golden eyes, this species nests in tree cavities and is commonly seen in Matsalu’s water bodies.

Common Crane (Grus grus)
Another species of crane, the common crane can be seen in large gatherings during migration. Their loud, trumpeting calls are a signature sound of Matsalu.

Matsalu National Park, located in western Estonia, is one of Europe’s most important conservation areas for wetlands and coastal habitats. Known for its remarkable biodiversity, the park is home to various iconic species of mammals, amphibians, and insects, making it a haven for nature enthusiasts.

Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber)
The Eurasian beaver thrives in the wetland habitats of Matsalu. These industrious mammals play a crucial role in shaping their environment by building dams and lodges, which create habitats for other species.

Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
Wild boars are commonly seen foraging in the forests and meadows of the park. Known for their adaptability, these animals are an essential part of the park’s ecosystem.

European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Roe deer are frequent visitors to Matsalu’s woodlands and open fields. These elegant and agile animals are often seen grazing at dawn and dusk.

Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
The red fox is a common predator in Matsalu National Park. Recognized for its reddish coat and bushy tail, this cunning mammal hunts small animals and plays a key role in controlling rodent populations.

Grey Wolf (Canis lupus)
As a top predator, the grey wolf can occasionally be spotted in Matsalu. Wolves are vital to maintaining a balanced ecosystem by regulating herbivore populations.

Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus)
This species is known for its long ears and powerful hind legs. Brown hares are often seen in the open meadows of Matsalu, especially during early mornings.

European Otter (Lutra lutra)
European otters inhabit the streams and rivers of Matsalu. These playful and elusive mammals are indicators of clean aquatic ecosystems.

Moose (Alces alces)
Moose are the largest herbivores in Matsalu and can be found in the park’s forests and marshes. They are known for their impressive antlers and solitary nature.

European Polecat (Mustela putorius)
A member of the weasel family, the European polecat is a skilled hunter of small mammals. It is often seen near the park’s wetlands and grasslands.

Grass Snake (Natrix natrix)
Non-venomous and harmless to humans, the grass snake is often seen near water bodies in Matsalu. It feeds on amphibians and plays an important role in the park’s ecosystem.