Iraq National Parks

Iraq is home to two officially designated national parks, Halgurd-Sakran National Park and Mesopotamian Marshes National Park, both of which highlight the country’s diverse landscapes and unique ecological importance. These parks offer a glimpse into Iraq’s rich natural heritage, spanning mountainous terrains and wetland ecosystems that support a variety of wildlife and plant species.

Halgurd-Sakran National Park, located in the Kurdistan region of northern Iraq, is the country’s first national park. This protected area encompasses the rugged Halgurd and Sakran mountain ranges, including Iraq’s highest peak, Halgurd Mountain, which rises over 3,600 meters. The park is known for its breathtaking alpine landscapes, deep valleys, and diverse flora and fauna.

Snow leopards, Persian leopards, brown bears, and wild goats inhabit the high-altitude regions, while rare plant species thrive in the cold, rocky environment. The park is a critical refuge for biodiversity, especially as habitat destruction threatens many of Iraq’s native species. Conservation efforts in the park focus on protecting these fragile ecosystems, promoting ecotourism, and working with local communities to ensure sustainable development.

In contrast to the mountainous north, Mesopotamian Marshlands National Park protects one of the world’s most significant wetland ecosystems. This park is part of the historic Mesopotamian Marshes, a vast wetland complex in southern Iraq that was once nearly destroyed due to water diversion and drainage projects in the late 20th century. The park plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation of the marshlands, which are home to diverse bird species, including the endangered Basra reed warbler and the sacred ibis.

The marshes also provide habitat for water buffalo and serve as a stopover for migratory birds traveling between Africa and Eurasia. Beyond its ecological significance, the park is tied to the cultural heritage of the indigenous Marsh Arabs, who have lived in the wetlands for centuries and rely on traditional reed houses and fishing practices. Conservation efforts have led to a partial restoration of the marshes, with increasing water inflows helping to revive local wildlife and communities.

Despite these conservation successes, Iraq’s national parks face numerous challenges. Climate change, water scarcity, and habitat destruction remain persistent threats, particularly in the Central Marshes, where upstream damming and water mismanagement affect the delicate balance of the ecosystem. In the Kurdistan region, illegal hunting and deforestation put pressure on wildlife populations. However, ongoing initiatives, including international conservation partnerships, government protections, and local community engagement, offer hope for preserving these unique natural areas.

Iraq’s national parks represent the country’s commitment to safeguarding its ecological heritage, despite ongoing environmental and political challenges. From the towering peaks of Halgurd-Sakran National Park to the vital wetlands of Mesopotamian Marshes National Park, these landscapes provide critical sanctuaries for wildlife and offer a glimpse into Iraq’s natural beauty and biodiversity.