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Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) boasts a rich array of natural landscapes, protected within its one national park: Hlane Royal National Park. Along with the national park, there are two other protected areas, Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary, and Mkhaya Game Reserve. These parks preserve the country’s stunning diversity of savannahs, grasslands, and forests, along with an impressive range of wildlife, from elephants and rhinoceros to zebras, antelopes, and numerous bird species. Eswatini’s national parks are some of the best-managed in southern Africa, largely because of the country’s focus on conservation and sustainable tourism.
However, Eswatini faces challenges similar to other African nations regarding the conservation of these precious ecosystems. The increasing demands for agricultural land, habitat encroachment, and the impacts of climate change pose significant threats to the biodiversity of its parks. Additionally, anti-poaching efforts, particularly in the protection of endangered species such as rhinos, are a constant challenge for park management.
Hlane Royal National Park, the largest of Eswatini’s parks, is known for its population of large mammals, including lions, elephants, and rhinos. It offers a traditional safari experience and is a key part of the country’s conservation efforts. Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary, located near the capital Mbabane, is the oldest protected area in the country and a popular destination for hiking, birdwatching, and cultural tourism. Mkhaya Game Reserve, focused on the conservation of endangered species, is famous for its successful efforts in protecting black and white rhinos, as well as other species such as giraffes and buffalo.
Eswatini’s parks are not only critical for biodiversity conservation but also for eco-tourism, which is a vital part of the country’s economy. Through conservation and community engagement efforts, Eswatini is working to ensure the future sustainability of these incredible natural resources, offering visitors both a remarkable wildlife experience and a deeper understanding of conservation challenges.
The first national park in Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland) is Hlane Royal National Park, established in the 1960s.
Situated in the northeastern part of the country, Hlane was originally a private hunting ground for the Swazi royal family before being designated a national park.
The park was established to protect Eswatini’s diverse wildlife and habitats, including savannahs, woodlands, and wetlands.
Hlane Royal National Park is the largest national park in Eswatini, covering an area of approximately 115 square miles (300 square kilometers). The park is known for its rich biodiversity, including populations of elephants, lions, rhinos, and various antelope species.
Hlane is one of the best places in Eswatini to observe the “Big Five” and other wildlife in their natural habitat, offering guided game drives and walking safaris.
Hlane Royal National Park is also the smallest since it is the only national park. However, the smallest protected area in Eswatini is Mlawula Nature Reserve, covering about 65 square miles (170 square kilometers). Located in the northeastern part of the country, Mlawula features a mix of habitats, including savannah, bushveld, and montane forests. The reserve is home to a variety of wildlife, such as zebras, giraffes, and over 350 bird species, making it a popular destination for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.
As the only national park, Hlane Royal National Park is the most popular. However, Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary is considered the most popular protected area in Eswatini, although it is technically a sanctuary rather than a national park.
Established in 1964, Mlilwane is the country’s first nature reserve and is located in the Ezulwini Valley. Covering about 17 square miles (44 square kilometers), Mlilwane offers a variety of activities, including hiking, mountain biking, horseback riding, and game drives.
Its accessible location, scenic landscapes, and diverse wildlife make it a favorite destination for both tourists and locals. The sanctuary provides a more intimate wildlife experience, allowing visitors to explore its beautiful terrain and enjoy the tranquility of nature.
Approximately 4% of Eswatini’s land area is protected through national parks and reserves, covering about 714 square miles (1,850 square kilometers). These protected areas play a crucial role in preserving the country’s biodiversity, offering a refuge for a variety of species in landscapes ranging from savannas to forests.
In addition to Hlane Royal National Park, Eswatini has several other protected areas, including Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary, which is the country’s oldest conservation area. Mlilwane is located in the Ezulwini Valley and offers opportunities for walking safaris, cycling, and horse riding.
Another key protected area is Mkhaya Game Reserve, which is known for its successful conservation efforts involving endangered species like black and white rhinos.
Malolotja Nature Reserve is renowned for its dramatic landscapes, including waterfalls, and offers hiking trails that traverse its mountains and valleys.
Apart from its national parks, Eswatini is known for several other natural attractions. Sibebe Rock, the second-largest exposed granite dome in the world, is a major hiking destination with breathtaking views.
The Ngwenya Glass Factoryand Mantenga Falls, located within the Mantenga Nature Reserve, offer cultural and natural experiences.
Malolotja Falls, within Malolotja Nature Reserve, is the highest waterfall in Eswatini and is popular among visitors seeking adventure and scenic beauty.
Eswatini shares much of its biodiversity with neighboring countries, but it plays a vital role in the conservation of certain regional species, including the Swazi rock snake and the Swaziland dwarf chameleon, which are rare and localized.
The country’s efforts in rhino conservation, particularly at Mkhaya Game Reserve, have also been highly successful in protecting this endangered species.
Eswatini’s main international airport is King Mswati III International Airport (IATA code: SHO), located near Manzini. It serves as the primary hub for international flights into the country.
The following international airline companies fly into Eswatini:
The national parks in Eswatini are managed by the Eswatini National Trust Commission (ENTC), which operates under the Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs.
ENTC is responsible for overseeing conservation efforts and managing the country’s protected areas. The organization collaborates with local communities and international partners to promote sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservation.
More information can be found on their website: http://www.sntc.org.sz.
