Pituamkek National Park

Pituamkek Overview

Pituamkek National Park Reserve, known in the Mi’kmaq language as Pituamkek, meaning “At the Long Sand Dune,” is a recently established national park reserve located on the northwestern shores of Prince Edward Island (Epekwitk), Canada.

Officially designated on July 4, 2024, it became Canada’s 48th national park, encompassing approximately 11.6 square miles (30 square kilometers) of protected area. This park reserve is the result of a collaborative effort between the Government of Canada and the Mi’kmaq Epekwitnewaq Kapmntemuow (the Mi’kmaq Nation Government of Prince Edward Island) to preserve a landscape rich in ecological and cultural significance.

The terrain of Pituamkek is characterized by a 50-kilometer chain of barrier islands stretching from the Cascumpec Sandhills in the northwest to the Malpeque Sandhills in the southeast. These islands serve as a natural barrier, protecting the mainland from the Gulf of St. Lawrence’s harsh weather conditions.

The landscape features extensive coastal dune systems, old-growth forests, and unique geological formations. Notably, the area includes Iron Rock, Prince Edward Island’s only igneous rock formation—a volcanic incursion over 240 million years old. The diverse vegetation ranges from salt-tolerant plants on the dunes to rich forest flora inland, supporting a complex and vibrant ecosystem.

Pituamkek is a haven for wildlife, providing critical habitats for several threatened and endangered species. Bird enthusiasts can observe the piping plover, a small shorebird known for nesting on sandy beaches, which relies on the park’s undisturbed dunes for breeding.

The park also supports populations of the little brown bat and the northern long-eared bat, both of which have experienced significant declines in recent years. The rich marine and terrestrial environments attract a variety of other bird species, making it a prime location for birdwatching and wildlife observation.

One of the park’s most significant features is its deep cultural and historical importance to the Epekwitnewaq Mi’kmaq. Archaeological evidence indicates that Indigenous peoples have inhabited and utilized these lands for over 4,000 years.

The area contains ancient archaeological sites, including shell middens and tool-making locations, reflecting a long history of seasonal fishing, hunting, and gathering. The Mi’kmaq have maintained a continuous connection to this land, and the establishment of the park reserve ensures the preservation of their cultural heritage and ongoing traditions.

Visitors to Pituamkek can engage with the park in various ways, though as of its establishment, infrastructure is still under development. Once accessible, activities are expected to include guided tours highlighting the natural and cultural history of the area, birdwatching excursions, and educational programs led by Mi’kmaq community members.

The park’s pristine beaches and dunes will offer opportunities for hiking, photography, and experiencing the tranquility of this unique coastal environment. Collaborative management plans aim to provide immersive experiences that honor both the ecological significance and the cultural heritage of the region.

The creation of Pituamkek National Park Reserve represents a significant achievement in conservation and reconciliation efforts. The collaborative management model between Parks Canada and the Mi’kmaq Epekwitnewaq Kapmntemuow ensures that Indigenous knowledge and stewardship principles guide the preservation of the park’s natural and cultural resources.

This partnership addresses conservation challenges such as habitat protection for endangered species, climate change impacts, and the preservation of archaeological sites. The establishment of the park not only safeguards a vital ecosystem but also reinforces the Mi’kmaq’s enduring relationship with the land, promoting cultural revitalization and environmental sustainability for future generations.

Park Map

Pituamkek National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Pituamkek National Park Reserve, established on July 4, 2024, is located on the northwestern shores of Prince Edward Island. This area is renowned for its ecologically significant coastal dune ecosystems and holds profound cultural and historical importance for the Epekwitnewaq Mi’kmaq. The park’s diverse habitats support a variety of wildlife species.

Little Brown Bat
A small nocturnal mammal, the little brown bat plays a crucial role in controlling insect populations. Unfortunately, it has experienced significant population declines due to white-nose syndrome and is considered endangered.

Northern Long-Eared Bat
This medium-sized bat is known for its long ears and forest-dwelling habits. It primarily feeds on insects and, like the little brown bat, faces threats from white-nose syndrome, leading to its endangered status.

Red Fox
Adaptable and widespread, the red fox inhabits various environments within the park. Recognizable by its reddish fur and bushy tail, it is an opportunistic feeder with a diet ranging from small mammals to fruits.

Snowshoe Hare
Known for its large hind feet and seasonal fur color change, the snowshoe hare thrives in the park’s forested areas. Its population dynamics are vital to the park’s predator-prey relationships.

American Mink
This semi-aquatic mammal is often found near the park’s waterways. With a sleek body and rich brown fur, the American mink is an agile predator, feeding on fish, small mammals, and birds.

Eastern Coyote
A versatile predator, the eastern coyote has adapted well to the park’s mixed habitats. It plays a significant role in maintaining the ecological balance by controlling the populations of various prey species.

Harbor Seal
Common along the park’s coastal areas, harbor seals are marine mammals that haul out on shores to rest and breed. They are often seen basking on rocks and are an integral part of the marine ecosystem.

Garter Snake
A common reptile in the park, the garter snake is non-venomous and often found in moist environments. It feeds on amphibians, small fish, and invertebrates.

Green Frog
This amphibian is frequently found in the park’s ponds and wetlands. Recognizable by its greenish-brown color and distinctive calls, the green frog contributes to the park’s rich biodiversity.

Atlantic Salmon
Migrating through the park’s freshwater systems, the Atlantic salmon is a vital species for both the ecosystem and local cultural practices. Efforts are ongoing to conserve and restore its populations.

Birds

Pituamkek National Park Reserve is also a haven for bird enthusiasts, offering sightings of various avian species throughout its diverse habitats.

Piping Plover
This small, pale shorebird nests on the park’s sandy beaches. Due to habitat loss and human disturbances, the piping plover is considered endangered, and conservation efforts are in place to protect its nesting sites.

Bald Eagle
A symbol of strength, the bald eagle is often spotted soaring above the park’s coastal areas. With its distinctive white head and tail, this bird of prey feeds primarily on fish and is a conservation success story.

Great Blue Heron
Wading gracefully in the park’s wetlands, the great blue heron is the largest heron in North America. It feeds on fish and small aquatic creatures, often standing still for long periods before striking swiftly.

Common Eider
This large sea duck frequents the park’s coastal waters. Known for its distinctive wedge-shaped bill and dense plumage, the common eider dives for mollusks and crustaceans.

Northern Goshawk
A powerful raptor, the northern goshawk inhabits the park’s forested regions. With sharp talons and keen eyesight, it preys on birds and small mammals, showcasing impressive hunting skills.

Osprey
Often seen near water bodies, the osprey is a fish-eating bird of prey. Recognizable by its white underparts and distinctive flight pattern, it builds large nests atop trees and man-made structures.

Black-capped Chickadee
A small, nonmigratory songbird, the black-capped chickadee is easily identified by its black cap and bib. It frequents the park’s forests and is known for its curious nature and distinctive “chick-a-dee-dee-dee” call.

Yellow Warbler
This bright yellow songbird is often found in the park’s thickets and wetlands. Its sweet, whistled song is a common sound during the breeding season, and it feeds on insects and spiders.

Common Tern
Gracefully flying over the park’s coastal waters, the common tern is a medium-sized seabird with a forked tail and sharp bill. It feeds by diving for fish and nests in colonies on sandy or rocky islands.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird
The only hummingbird species in eastern North America, the ruby-throated hummingbird is a tiny, iridescent bird known for its rapid wing beats and ability to hover. It feeds on nectar and is often seen around flowering plants in the park.

The establishment of Pituamkek National Park Reserve ensures the protection of these species and their habitats, reflecting a commitment to preserving the area’s rich biodiversity and cultural heritage.