Itatiaia National Park

Itatiaia Overview

Itatiaia National Park, established on June 14, 1937, holds the distinction of being Brazil’s first national park. Located in the southeastern part of the country, straddling the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, the park covers an area of approximately 300 square kilometers (about 116 square miles). Itatiaia is part of the Mantiqueira mountain range and is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, including high peaks, lush forests, and a multitude of waterfalls and rivers.

The park’s landscape is characterized by its diverse topography, which ranges from 540 to 2,791 meters (1,772 to 9,157 feet) above sea level at Pico das Agulhas Negras, the park’s highest point and one of the highest in Brazil. This altitude gradient supports a variety of ecosystems, from dense Atlantic rainforest in the lower areas to high-altitude fields and rocky outcrops at higher elevations. The park is a haven for biodiversity, hosting a wide array of flora and fauna, some of which are endemic to the region. Itatiaia is particularly famous for its birdwatching opportunities, with over 350 recorded bird species.

Itatiaia National Park is also rich in cultural heritage, with a history of scientific research and conservation efforts. The park’s infrastructure includes visitor centers, trails, and accommodation facilities, making it accessible to nature lovers, hikers, and researchers. Among its many natural attractions, the Prateleiras and Couto peaks offer challenging hikes and breathtaking views, while the Véu da Noiva and Itaporani waterfalls provide serene spots for relaxation and contemplation.

The creation of Itatiaia National Park marked the beginning of environmental protection and national park movement in Brazil. Today, it continues to be a symbol of conservation, offering a sanctuary for wildlife and a natural retreat for visitors seeking to immerse themselves in the spectacular landscapes of Brazil’s Atlantic rainforest and highland ecosystems.