Kinmen National Park

Kinmen Overview

Kinmen National Park, located on Kinmen Island in Taiwan, locally known as “金門國家公園” (Jīnmén Guójiā Gōngyuán), spans approximately 14.9 square miles (38.7 square kilometers). Established in 1995, the park is a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage, preserving the island’s diverse ecosystems, military history, and traditional architecture. Situated just off the southeastern coast of mainland China, Kinmen offers visitors a rare glimpse into both the natural and human history of the Taiwan Strait region.

The terrain of Kinmen National Park is characterized by its rolling hills, sandy beaches, and rocky coastlines. Granite outcrops and gentle slopes define much of the island’s interior, while the coastline boasts dramatic rock formations and serene bays. The park’s landscape is dotted with freshwater lakes and wetlands, such as Ci Lake, which provide critical habitats for wildlife. The vegetation is a mix of coastal plants, lush forests, and traditional agricultural fields, including rice paddies and orchards of jujube and longan trees. The park also features cultural landmarks such as traditional Fujian-style houses, offering a glimpse into the architectural history of the region.

Kinmen is renowned for its diverse wildlife, particularly its role as a haven for migratory birds. Over 300 bird species have been recorded in the park, including iconic species such as the black-faced spoonbill and the Chinese egret. These wetlands attract birdwatchers from around the world, especially during migration seasons. The park is also home to various mammals, including the Formosan hare and small Asian mongoose, as well as reptiles, amphibians, and numerous invertebrates. The coastal waters surrounding Kinmen support marine life, including crabs, mollusks, and fish that contribute to the island’s ecological richness.

One of the most notable features of Kinmen National Park is its historical significance. The island served as a frontline during the Chinese Civil War and retains numerous military structures, such as underground tunnels, defensive outposts, and the iconic Shishan (Lion Mountain) Howitzer Front. These remnants of conflict have been preserved as part of the park, providing visitors with a vivid insight into the region’s tumultuous history. Other attractions include the traditional villages of Shuitou and Guningtou, where visitors can explore ancient homes and temples.

Visitors to Kinmen National Park can enjoy a range of activities, including birdwatching, cycling, hiking, and exploring historical sites. The park offers well-maintained trails and interpretive centers that enhance the visitor experience. Guided tours are available to delve deeper into the island’s rich natural and cultural heritage. The Kinmen Kaoliang Distillery, located nearby, adds a unique cultural flavor to the experience.

Conservation challenges include balancing tourism with ecological preservation and managing the impact of invasive species. The park has seen success in restoring wetlands and reintroducing native flora. Collaborative efforts between local communities and park authorities have bolstered conservation while fostering sustainable tourism. This harmonious blend of protection and promotion ensures that Kinmen National Park remains a treasure for generations to come.

Park Map

Kinmen National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Kinmen National Park in Taiwan is renowned for its rich cultural history and diverse natural landscapes, featuring a variety of species that thrive in its unique coastal and island ecosystems. The park is home to fascinating wildlife, particularly its animal species that reflect the region’s blend of subtropical and marine environments. Below are some of the popular species that can be found within Kinmen National Park:

Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra)
The Eurasian otter is a playful and elusive aquatic mammal found in the park’s wetlands and coastal areas. Known for its dense, waterproof fur and streamlined body, this species is an excellent swimmer and a vital part of the local ecosystem.

Crab-Eating Mongoose (Herpestes urva)
This small carnivore, often seen near wetlands and streams, is recognizable by its dark brown coat and sharp snout. It plays a crucial role in controlling crab populations, which are abundant in the area.

Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)
Critically endangered and rarely seen, the Chinese pangolin is a solitary, nocturnal species with distinctive overlapping scales. It feeds primarily on ants and termites, using its long, sticky tongue.

Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica)
This nocturnal animal, often spotted in forested areas, is known for its slender body and distinctive black-and-white facial markings. It plays a role in seed dispersal due to its varied diet.

Golden Jackal (Canis aureus)
Although uncommon, the golden jackal can sometimes be seen in Kinmen’s grasslands and shrublands. Its adaptable nature allows it to thrive in a variety of environments.

Chinese Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus chinensis)
This large frog is a common sight in wetlands and ponds within the park. It is notable for its loud, resonant call and serves as an indicator of water quality in its habitat.

Chinese Softshell Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)
This freshwater turtle, often seen basking near streams and wetlands, has a soft, leathery shell and a long neck, which it uses to ambush prey.

Taiwan Beauty Rat Snake (Orthriophis taeniurus friesi)
This strikingly patterned snake is non-venomous and plays a significant role in controlling rodent populations in the park.

Fiddler Crab (Uca spp.)
Common along the tidal flats, fiddler crabs are known for their one oversized claw, which males use for communication and mating displays. They are vital to the ecosystem, aiding in aeration and nutrient cycling of the soil.

Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus tridentatus)
This ancient marine arthropod is often found in coastal areas. It is a living fossil with a unique, domed shell and plays a critical role in maintaining the health of the coastal ecosystem.

Birds

Kinmen National Park is also celebrated for its diverse bird species, which thrive in the park’s wetlands, tidal flats, and forests, making it a prime destination for birdwatching enthusiasts. Below are some of the popular bird species found in the park:

Black-Faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)
This critically endangered migratory bird is a highlight of Kinmen’s wetlands. Its distinctive black facial skin and spoon-shaped bill make it an iconic sight during the winter months.

Eurasian Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
Often seen hovering over grasslands, this small falcon is known for its sharp hunting skills and striking plumage of reddish-brown and slate-gray.

Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta)
With its striking black-and-white plumage and upward-curving bill, the pied avocet is a common sight in shallow wetlands, where it feeds by sweeping its bill through the water.

Greater Painted-Snipe (Rostratula benghalensis)
This wader is known for its beautiful plumage and reversed sexual roles, with females being more brightly colored and males taking care of the eggs and chicks.

Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea)
A tall and elegant bird, the grey heron is often seen standing motionless in the wetlands, waiting to strike at fish with its sharp bill.

Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata)
This large, migratory shorebird is notable for its long, curved bill, which it uses to probe deep into mudflats for invertebrates.

Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)
A brightly colored bird with shimmering blue and orange plumage, the kingfisher is frequently spotted near streams and wetlands, diving skillfully for fish.

Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes)
A rare and elegant bird, the Chinese egret is distinguished by its white plumage and long, graceful neck. It forages in shallow waters for small fish and crustaceans.

Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva)
This migratory shorebird, with its golden-speckled back and elegant appearance, is a seasonal visitor to Kinmen’s tidal flats.

White-Breasted Waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus)
Common in wetlands and paddy fields, this bird is recognized by its white face and underparts, contrasting with dark upper feathers, and its distinctive, loud calls.