Kaudulla National Park

Kaudulla Overview

Kaudulla National Park, locally known as කවුඩුල්ල ජාතික වනෝද්‍යානය (Kaudulla Jathika Vanodayanaya), is a treasured ecological reserve in Sri Lanka. Situated in the North Central Province, this park spans approximately 26.5 square miles (68.4 square kilometers) and is nestled near the ancient city of Polonnaruwa. Kaudulla’s location in Sri Lanka’s cultural triangle enhances its appeal, offering visitors a blend of natural beauty and historical significance. Established in 2002, it is one of the country’s newest national parks, forming part of an essential corridor for wildlife in the region.

Kaudulla’s terrain is a captivating mix of dry evergreen forests, grasslands, and wetlands, centered around the Kaudulla Reservoir, which dates back to the 3rd century during King Mahasen’s reign. The reservoir, restored to its former glory, serves as the park’s lifeblood, attracting a variety of wildlife and making it a prime spot for observing animals in their natural habitat. The park is surrounded by rolling plains, scattered with majestic trees, including Palu (Manilkara hexandra) and Weera (Drypetes sepiaria). Its lush vegetation provides both a refuge for wildlife and a stunning backdrop for exploration.

Kaudulla is renowned for its diverse wildlife, with the Asian elephant being the most iconic species. Every year, the park plays host to the spectacular “Elephant Gathering,” where hundreds of elephants congregate around the reservoir during the dry season, creating an awe-inspiring spectacle. Other notable mammals include the sambar deer, axis deer, wild boar, and sloth bear, while the elusive Sri Lankan leopard occasionally graces lucky visitors with its presence. The park is also a birdwatcher’s paradise, with over 160 bird species recorded, including the painted stork, spot-billed pelican, and grey-headed fish eagle. Migratory birds add to the park’s avian diversity during the winter months.

Kaudulla’s popularity stems from its tranquil environment and unique experiences. The park is especially famous for its jeep safaris, which offer visitors an up-close and personal view of the wildlife. Safaris typically occur in the morning or late afternoon, allowing for optimal sightings of animals as they emerge to feed or drink. Bird enthusiasts can also embark on specialized birdwatching tours, while photography enthusiasts revel in the park’s abundant natural beauty and wildlife.

Conservation efforts in Kaudulla have seen significant success, particularly in preserving its elephant population and mitigating human-wildlife conflict. However, challenges remain, such as habitat degradation and the encroachment of agricultural practices. Park management, alongside local and international conservation groups, has worked tirelessly to address these issues through community engagement and habitat restoration projects, ensuring the park remains a haven for its diverse inhabitants.

Park Map

Kaudulla National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Kaudulla National Park, located in Sri Lanka, is a haven for diverse wildlife and a key destination for elephant enthusiasts. Known for its lush landscapes and rich biodiversity, the park features various mammals, reptiles, and aquatic species that thrive in its wetlands and forested areas. Below are some of the more popular species you may encounter:

Sri Lankan Elephant
Kaudulla is renowned for its large herds of Sri Lankan elephants, which gather around the park’s reservoir. These majestic creatures are a subspecies of the Asian elephant and are a significant draw for visitors.

Sri Lankan Leopard
Though elusive, the Sri Lankan leopard is one of the park’s apex predators. Its sleek, golden coat with dark rosettes makes it a striking sight for those lucky enough to spot one.

Sloth Bear
This shaggy bear, with a distinctive white chest patch, is often seen foraging for termites and fruits. It is a nocturnal species, making it more challenging to observe during the day.

Water Buffalo
A common sight near the reservoirs, water buffaloes play a crucial role in maintaining the park’s ecosystem. They are often seen wallowing in mud to cool off.

Golden Jackal
This adaptable predator is often spotted in open areas of the park. Known for its sharp hunting skills, the golden jackal feeds on small mammals, birds, and carrion.

Indian Star Tortoise
These small tortoises, with their uniquely patterned shells resembling stars, can often be found near grassy areas. They are herbivorous and move slowly across the terrain.

Mugger Crocodile
Kaudulla’s wetlands are home to the mugger crocodile, a formidable reptile that inhabits freshwater lakes and rivers. It preys on fish and other aquatic creatures.

Spotted Deer
These elegant deer, also known as chital, are commonly seen grazing in the park’s grasslands. Their distinctive white spots make them easily recognizable.

Indian Pangolin
This nocturnal and shy species has scales that act as armor. The pangolin feeds on ants and termites and is rarely seen during daylight hours.

Indian Cobra
A symbol of fascination and fear, the Indian cobra is one of the park’s many snake species. Known for its hooded appearance, it plays a role in controlling rodent populations.

Birds

Kaudulla National Park is also home to a variety of bird species, making it a prime destination for birdwatching enthusiasts. The park’s wetlands and forest areas attract numerous resident and migratory birds. Below are some of the more popular bird species found in the park:

Grey-Headed Fish Eagle
This powerful raptor is often seen perched near water bodies. Its keen eyesight and sharp talons make it a skilled hunter of fish and other aquatic prey.

Painted Stork
With its vibrant pink, black, and white plumage, the painted stork is a striking sight. These birds are commonly found wading through shallow waters in search of fish.

Indian Peafowl
Known for its iridescent blue and green plumage and spectacular courtship displays, the Indian peafowl is a park icon.

Spot-Billed Pelican
This large waterbird, with a distinctively marked bill, is a frequent visitor to Kaudulla’s reservoirs. It feeds primarily on fish.

Black-Headed Ibis
Recognizable by its white body and black head and neck, this bird is often seen in wetlands, where it forages for small invertebrates.

Common Kingfisher
This small, brightly colored bird is frequently spotted near water, diving with precision to catch fish.

Crested Serpent Eagle
A medium-sized raptor with striking patterns on its wings, the crested serpent eagle preys on snakes and other small reptiles.

Open-Billed Stork
Named for the gap in its bill, this bird specializes in feeding on snails, which it extracts with ease.

Purple Heron
With its long neck and reddish-purple plumage, the purple heron is a graceful presence in the park’s wetlands.

Brahminy Kite
This elegant raptor, with its chestnut plumage and contrasting white head, is often seen soaring over the park’s water bodies.