Yakushima National Park

Yakushima Overview

Yakushima National Park (屋久島国立公園, Yakushima Kokuritsu Kōen) is a stunning natural treasure located on Yakushima Island in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Spanning approximately 82 square miles (213 square kilometers), the park is renowned for its enchanting landscapes, ancient forests, and rich biodiversity. Yakushima, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is situated off the southern coast of Kyushu and offers a mix of subtropical and temperate ecosystems, making it one of the most unique national parks in the world.

The terrain of Yakushima National Park is characterized by its dramatic elevation changes, ranging from sea level to over 6,300 feet (1,935 meters) at the peak of Mount Miyanoura, the highest mountain in Kyushu. The park is covered with dense forests, including ancient Japanese cedar trees known as yakusugi. Some of these trees, such as the revered Jōmon Sugi, are estimated to be over 7,000 years old, making them among the oldest living trees on Earth. In addition to its lush forests, the park features granite cliffs, gushing waterfalls like Senpiro-no-Taki and Oko-no-Taki, and crystal-clear rivers that add to its serene beauty. Moss-covered rocks and ground layers give the park an otherworldly atmosphere, often compared to scenes from a fantasy novel.

Wildlife in Yakushima National Park is diverse and fascinating, thanks to its mix of habitats and isolation as an island ecosystem. Key mammals include the Yakushima macaque, a subspecies of the Japanese macaque, and the Yakushima sika deer, both of which roam freely through the park. Bird enthusiasts can spot a wide variety of species, including the endangered Ryukyu robin and Japanese wood pigeon. The island’s streams and forests are also home to amphibians like the endemic Yakushima newt and a host of unique insects and plant species, some of which are not found anywhere else.

Visitors to Yakushima National Park are drawn to its tranquil hiking trails, which range from challenging mountain treks to serene walks through the ancient cedar forests. The most famous hike is the route to Jōmon Sugi, offering breathtaking views of the ancient trees and lush landscapes. Waterfall tours, kayaking on the Anbo River, and snorkeling along the island’s coastline are also popular ways to experience the park’s natural wonders. Hot springs, such as Hirauchi Kaichu Onsen, provide relaxation and connection to the island’s geothermal activity.

Yakushima faces conservation challenges due to the delicate balance of its ecosystems. Increased tourism has raised concerns about erosion, waste management, and the impact on its flora and fauna. However, strict management policies, conservation programs, and the commitment of local communities have helped mitigate these issues. Efforts such as trail maintenance, habitat restoration, and educational programs have ensured the park’s ongoing preservation while allowing visitors to enjoy its beauty responsibly.

Park Map

Yakushima National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Yakushima National Park, located on Yakushima Island in Japan, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its ancient cedar forests, unique ecosystems, and stunning natural beauty. The park is home to a diverse range of species, some of which are endemic to the island, making it a fascinating destination for nature enthusiasts. Below are some of the popular non-bird species you might encounter in Yakushima National Park.

Yakushima Macaque
Endemic to the island, this subspecies of the Japanese macaque is smaller and darker than its mainland relatives. They are commonly found in the forested areas and are known for their playful behavior.

Yakushima Sika Deer
This subspecies of the Japanese sika deer is smaller and well-adapted to Yakushima’s rugged terrain. They are often seen grazing in open meadows or near streams.

Japanese Giant Salamander
One of the largest amphibians in the world, the Japanese giant salamander thrives in Yakushima’s clear streams. They are elusive and primarily nocturnal.

Green Tree Frog (Rhacophorus arboreus)
A vivid green species often spotted in Yakushima’s forests. This frog is known for its ability to glide short distances between trees.

Japanese Pit Viper (Mamushi)
A venomous snake found in Yakushima’s forests and rocky areas. While potentially dangerous, it plays an important role in the local ecosystem.

Japanese Weasel
This small, carnivorous mammal is known for its agility and curiosity. It is often seen near streams or in forested areas hunting for small prey.

Amami Rabbit
Although more commonly associated with nearby Amami Islands, sightings of this rare and nocturnal rabbit species have been recorded on Yakushima.

Ryukyu Flying Fox
A large fruit bat that feeds on the island’s abundant plant life. It plays a vital role in pollination and seed dispersal.

Yakushima Banana Spider
This colorful spider is often seen weaving its intricate webs in forested areas. Despite its intimidating appearance, it is harmless to humans.

Birds

Yakushima National Park is also home to an incredible variety of bird species, many of which are endemic or rare. Below are some of the popular bird species you might encounter.

Ryukyu Robin
This small, vibrant bird is known for its beautiful songs and distinctive orange breast. It thrives in the park’s dense forests.

Japanese Paradise Flycatcher
A migratory bird with striking long tail feathers and iridescent plumage, it is often seen darting through the trees during the breeding season.

Ryukyu Minivet
Endemic to the Ryukyu Islands, this bird is recognized by its bright orange and black coloration and melodic calls.

Japanese Green Pigeon
A fruit-eating bird often spotted in Yakushima’s subtropical forests, it is known for its unique cooing sounds.

White-backed Woodpecker
A striking woodpecker with a patterned back, it plays a critical role in controlling insect populations and creating nesting sites for other species.

Eurasian Jay
This colorful bird with blue wing feathers is known for its intelligence and ability to mimic sounds, including human speech.

Japanese Bush Warbler
Famous for its melodic and flute-like songs, this bird is often heard before it is seen due to its elusive nature.

Ryukyu Scops Owl
A small owl with a distinctive call, it is often heard at night in the park’s quieter areas.

Styan’s Grasshopper Warbler
A rare and secretive bird, it is usually found in dense undergrowth and is prized by birdwatchers for its rarity.

Peregrine Falcon
One of the fastest birds of prey, it can occasionally be seen soaring above the cliffs and open areas of Yakushima, hunting smaller birds and mammals.

Forests

Ancient Cedar Forest

Yakushima National Park, located on Yakushima Island in Japan, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its breathtaking ancient cedar forest.

This mystical woodland is home to some of the oldest and largest trees in Japan, including the iconic Yakusugi and Jōmon Sugi.

The forest is steeped in history, ecology, and cultural significance, offering visitors a chance to connect with nature in one of its most pristine forms.

Yakusugi

Yakusugi refers to the ancient Japanese cedar trees (Cryptomeria japonica) found exclusively on Yakushima Island. These trees, distinguished from younger cedars (Kosugi), must be over 1,000 years old to earn the title “Yakusugi.” Their slow growth in Yakushima’s nutrient-poor soil and humid environment has resulted in dense, resin-rich wood, making them exceptionally durable and resistant to decay.

Yakusugi trees are deeply embedded in the cultural heritage of Yakushima, revered by locals and celebrated for their majesty. Many of these cedars feature twisted trunks, moss-covered bark, and unique shapes that add to the mystical ambiance of the forest.

Visitors often embark on guided hikes to encounter these natural wonders, with many Yakusugi trees, such as the Wilson Stump and Kigensugi, offering popular stops along the trails.

Jōmon Sugi

Jōmon Sugi is the most famous tree in Yakushima and one of the oldest living organisms in Japan, estimated to be between 2,170 and 7,200 years old. Towering at approximately 25 meters (82 feet) with a girth of over 16 meters (52 feet), Jōmon Sugi is a symbol of the island’s ancient beauty.

Its name references the Jōmon period, reflecting its incredible age and historical significance. Surrounded by a dense forest, the tree resides in a remote area accessible via a challenging hike, which takes visitors through stunning landscapes and past other notable Yakusugi.

The journey to Jōmon Sugi is both a physical and spiritual experience, attracting hikers and nature enthusiasts from around the world. As the centerpiece of Yakushima’s natural heritage, Jōmon Sugi is a profound reminder of nature’s resilience and the enduring passage of time.