Amami Gunto National Park

Amami Gunto Overview

Amami Gunto National Park, known locally as 奄美群島国立公園 (Amami Guntō Kokuritsu Kōen), is a breathtaking natural preserve located in Japan’s subtropical Ryukyu Islands, specifically across the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture. Covering an expanse of approximately 284 square miles (735 square kilometers), this national park is a haven of rich biodiversity, lush landscapes, and pristine marine environments. It was designated as a national park in 2017 and is part of the UNESCO World Natural Heritage list due to its outstanding ecological significance.

The park’s terrain is an exquisite tapestry of mountains, dense forests, mangroves, and coral reefs. Key features include Mount Yuwandake, the highest peak on Amami Oshima, offering stunning panoramic views of the island. The coastline is dotted with dramatic cliffs, secluded coves, and vibrant beaches such as Kurasaki Beach, known for its crystal-clear waters and excellent snorkeling opportunities.

Dense subtropical rainforests, primarily composed of evergreen broadleaf trees such as chinquapin and banyan, cover much of the terrain, offering a unique ecosystem that supports an incredible diversity of life. The mangrove forests, particularly those around the Sumiyo River, are some of the largest in Japan, creating a thriving habitat for aquatic and terrestrial species.

Wildlife is one of Amami Gunto National Park’s greatest treasures. The park is home to the endangered Amami rabbit, a nocturnal species endemic to the region, as well as the Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle and the Amami Ishikawa frog, which are also endemic and rare. Birdwatchers are captivated by species like the Okinawa rail and the Lidth’s jay, which are unique to these islands. The park’s coral reefs and marine environments teem with life, including sea turtles, vibrant tropical fish, and occasional sightings of humpback whales and dolphins.

Visitors often highlight the park’s unique cultural and natural attractions. Exploring the dense forests and hiking trails of Kinsakubaru Primeval Forest is a popular activity, offering a chance to encounter rare wildlife. The mangrove kayaking tours in the Sumiyo River provide a serene and immersive experience, while diving and snorkeling in the coral-rich waters are favorite ways to discover the vibrant underwater world. Historical and cultural sites, such as the sacred Kamuiyaki ruins on Amami Oshima, also enrich the visitor experience.

Amami Gunto National Park faces conservation challenges, including the control of invasive species like mongooses that threaten native wildlife. Climate change impacts, such as coral bleaching, are also significant concerns. However, the park has seen notable successes in its conservation efforts, including the reintroduction of endangered species and effective habitat protection measures. Collaboration between local communities and conservation authorities has been instrumental in preserving the park’s unique ecosystem.

Park Map

Amami Gunto National Park Highlights

Wildlife

Amami Gunto National Park, located in Japan’s Ryukyu Islands, is a tropical paradise celebrated for its pristine beaches, dense mangroves, and unique wildlife. The park is home to an incredible diversity of species, many of which are endemic to the region. Below are some of the more popular species you might encounter in the park.

Amami Rabbit
A rare and endangered species found only on Amami Oshima and Tokunoshima islands, the Amami Rabbit is a primitive rabbit known for its short legs and dark fur. It thrives in the island’s subtropical forests.

Ryukyu Long-Furred Rat
This nocturnal rodent is endemic to the Ryukyu Islands. It is notable for its long, silky fur and is often found in forests where it forages for fruits and seeds.

Iriomote Wildcat
Although more commonly associated with nearby Iriomote Island, this elusive wildcat occasionally ventures into Amami’s dense forests. It is a rare predator with a striking coat pattern.

Habu Snake
This venomous pit viper is a key predator in the park’s ecosystem. Despite its fearsome reputation, it plays an important role in controlling populations of small mammals and birds.

Ryukyu Black-Breasted Leaf Turtle
A small, terrestrial turtle with distinctive dark markings, it inhabits the forest floors and is known for its slow-moving yet resilient nature.

Ryukyu Spiny Rat
Endemic to Amami Oshima and Tokunoshima, this rodent has spiny fur for protection and is primarily active during the night.

Amami Tip-Nosed Frog
This frog is characterized by its elongated snout and is found in forested streams and wetlands. It is an excellent indicator of a healthy ecosystem.

Sakuraga Lizard
An endemic lizard species with a striking blue tail, it is commonly found basking on rocks and tree trunks in the park.

Ryukyu Odd-Tooth Snake
A non-venomous snake endemic to the Ryukyu Islands, it preys on frogs and small rodents and has unique teeth adapted for gripping slippery prey.

Giant Water Bug
This large aquatic insect is a top predator in freshwater environments. Known locally as “tagame,” it feeds on fish and other insects.

Birds

The birdlife of Amami Gunto National Park is equally extraordinary, with species that captivate birdwatchers and nature lovers alike. The following are some of the park’s most popular bird species.

Amami Woodcock
This rare, nocturnal bird is endemic to Amami Oshima and Tokunoshima. It is known for its mottled brown plumage, which provides excellent camouflage in forested areas.

Ryukyu Robin
A vibrant bird with an orange breast and melodious song, the Ryukyu Robin inhabits subtropical forests and is a favorite among birdwatchers.

Amami Thrush
An endangered species, this thrush has a striking pattern of spots on its chest and is often heard before it is seen due to its sweet, flute-like calls.

Ryukyu Green Pigeon
This colorful pigeon features green and yellow plumage and is commonly found in mangroves and coastal forests.

Black-Winged Kite
A small raptor with striking black and white plumage, it is often seen gliding gracefully over open areas in search of prey.

Crested Serpent Eagle
A majestic bird of prey with distinctive crest feathers, it soars over the forests and preys on reptiles and small mammals.

Japanese Paradise Flycatcher
Known for its stunning long tail feathers and elegant appearance, this migratory bird breeds in the park during spring and summer.

Ruddy Kingfisher
A striking bird with bright red plumage, it can often be seen perched near streams and rivers, waiting to catch fish.

Ryukyu Scops Owl
A small, nocturnal owl with distinctive ear tufts, it is known for its haunting calls that echo through the forest at night.

Whistling Green Pigeon
A beautiful pigeon with soft green plumage, it is often found in fruiting trees and is known for its gentle whistling calls.